乡村的文化失调与农民的弱势地位——质性社会学视角下当前乡村社会质量的两个问题  

Cultural Disorder of Rural Area and Weak Position of Peasants:Qualitative Research on Rural Society from Social Quality Perspective

作　　者：王旭瑞[1] 陈航行[2] 杨航[1] Wang Xurui;Chen Hangxing;Yang Hang

机构地区：[1]陕西省社会科学院社会学研究所 [2]西藏民族大学新闻传播学院

出　　处：《兰州学刊》2017年第11期174-188,共15页

基　　金：陕西省社科基金项目"城镇化进程中乡村文化的断裂与重建--基于陕西关中农村的实地调查"的阶段性成果(项目编号:2014G15)

摘　　要：文章依据在陕西关中地区多个村庄的质性调查,从质性社会学的社会质量视角观照当代剧烈变迁中的乡村社会,认为在市场化、全球化的背景下,乡村传统文化日渐式微,尤其是在城市化的进程中,伴随"贱农主义"思潮的传播及消费主义的侵蚀,乡村社会的文化秩序陷入严重"失调"的窘境;城乡之间的不平等关系、城市资本的强势扩张、农民主体性的缺失及国家抑制粮价的长期效应,导致农村居民的弱势地位。乡村的文化失调与农民的弱势地位是当前乡村社会面临的两个主要问题,两者之间相互交织、叠加,成为影响当前乡村社会质量的关键因素。为了提升乡村社会的发展质量,应该深刻反思当前的城市化扩张,尊重农民的主体性,完善惠农利农政策,并以开放的心态实行中西文化的融合。只有改变农民的弱势地位,建构一种融合传统与现代的农村新文化,才是防止乡村衰落和社会断裂的根本出路。On the basis of qualitative survey at several villages in Guanzhong area in Shaanxi province, this article reflects on the rapidly changing rural society from social quality perspective of the qualitative so- ciology. It points out that in the context of marketization and globalization the rural traditional culture is de- clining, especially in the process of urbanization, with the spread of the thought of ＂humble peasants＂ and the erosion of consumerism, the current cultural order of rural society is in serious ＂disorder＂. And the In- equality between urban and rural areas, the wave of urban expansion and urban capital entering into rural area, the lack of peasants＇ subjectivity as well as the long - term effect of inhibiting grain price lead to the weak position of rural people. Cultural disorder of countryside and vulnerable position of rural people are the main matters of current rural society, and they interact, becoming the key factors influencing the devel- opment quality of rural society. In order to improve the development quality of rural society, we should deeply reflect on the current expansion of urbanization, respect the subjectivity of peasants, improve the preferential agricultural policies, and implement the integration of Chinese and Western cultures. Only by changing the vulnerable position of peasants and constructing a new culture which integrate the traditional and modem factors, can we find the fundamental way to prevent the decline of countryside and the break of society.

关 键 词：社会发展质量 乡村社会 文化失调 弱势地位 

分 类 号：C912.82[经济管理]