权利外观责任与诈骗犯罪——对二维码案、租车骗保案、冒领存款案的刑民解读  

The Rechtsschein and Crime of Fraud

作　　者：杨志琼[1,2] Yang Zhiqiong

机构地区：[1]东南大学反腐败法治研究中心 [2]东南大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2017年第6期32-45,共14页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：江苏高校哲学社会科学重点研究基地"反腐败法治研究中心"资助成果;2016年江苏省法学会课题<企业刑事法律风险防范的公私法合作机制研究>(SFH2016B12)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：权利外观是指与真实权利不符的虚假权利表征,涉嫌民事欺诈或诈骗犯罪。民法对权利外观"姑以真论"并使善意第三人"得其所欲",从而将不利后果转由真实权利人承担。当前刑法学界对二维码案、租车骗保案、冒领存款案的教义学的解读都难以合理认定权利外观案件的被害人并确定行为人的罪责。而换个视角,情况则大不同:将权利外观理论引入诈骗犯罪的研究,可以清晰地发现权利外观责任阻却了行为人对善意第三人的诈骗犯罪,处罚漏洞的填补应转向考察行为人对真实权利人的财产犯罪。在实益上,这种思路既符合诈骗犯罪"整体财产说"的理论与实践,也符合现代交易制度和财产权的发展趋势,应引起刑法学界的重视。The rechtsschein refers to the representation of the phony right which is incompatible with the real right,it is suspected as the civil fraud or crime of fraud. The civil law takes the rechtsschein as the true and leads the bona fide third party get what it want, this results in that the real obligee bears the adverse conse- quence. Currently it is still difficult in the criminal law to resolve the dispute on the fraud cases such as QC codes, insurance fraud by renting cars and fraudulent claims the deposit etc. The situation will be very different from other points of view ： after introducing the theory of rechtsschein in the civil law to the study of fraudulent crime, one can see clearly that the responsibility of rechtsschein prevents the crime of fraud by the actor on the bona fide third party, then the punishment should be transferred to investigate the actor＇ s property crime on the real obligee. These studies interpret the internal consistence between the responsibility of rechtsschein and fraudulent crime,also it is consistent with the development of the current transaction system . Its importance should be emphasized in the criminal law.

关 键 词：权利外观 处置规则 阻却犯罪 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]