福建省水土流失现状分析  

Analysis of Soil and Water Loss in Fujian Province

作　　者：王振平 汪小钦[1] 曾舒娇 陈贤干 吴佐成 

机构地区：[1]福州大学空间数据挖掘和信息共享教育部重点实验室,福建省空间信息工程研究中心,福建福州350002

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2017年第5期169-175,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题“南方红壤水土流失综合监测”(2013BAC08B01);福建省高校产学研项目“集成多重时空分辨率的县域水土流失遥感协同监测”(2017Y4010)

摘　　要：[目的]运用遥感技术监测福建省水土流失状况,为研究区的水土保持工作提供一定的科学依据。[方法]利用2014年Landsat-8OLI等遥感数据,基于通用土壤流失方程(USLE)定量计算得到研究区的土壤侵蚀量,并运用GIS空间分析和数理统计的方法分析水土流失在地理空间上分布特征。[结果]福建省2014年的水土流失总面积为10 939.8km2,总流失率为8.93%,其中以轻度流失为主,占总流失面积的82.3%,境内流失等级为强度及以上的区域主要集中在北部的宁德和南平、南部的漳州和西部的龙岩一带;其中22个水土流失重点县流失面积为4 786.65km2,占全省流失总面积的43.76%,平均流失率为10.54%。[结论]水土流失主要发生在海拔高程为200~1 000m的区域,流失面积有8 954.35km2,占流失总面积的81.85%;坡度与水土流失关系密切,水土流失主要发生在坡度为8°~25°的区域,流失面积有69 871.71km2,占总流失面积的57.23%;容易发生水土流失的土地利用类型是裸地和林地,流失比例分别达到30.99%和9.47%。[Objective]Remote sensing technology was applied to monitor soil and water loss in Fujian Province,in order to provide certain scientific foundation for soil and water conservation in study area.[Methods]The quantitative computation of soil erosion in the study area based on universal soil loss equation（USLE）and remote sensing data of Landsat-8 OLI at 2014 can be inspected with the GIS spatial analysis and mathematical statistic methods to get the space distribution characteristics of soil and water loss in the field.[Results]The total area and rate of soil and water loss in 2014 of Fujian Province were 10 939.8 km2 and8.93%,respectively.Mild erosion played a dominant role and covered 82.3% of the erosive area.Areas having intensive erosion or more intensive level mainly concentrated in Ningde,Nanping,Zhangzhou and Longyan.The erosion area of 22 key soil erosion counties was 4 786.65 km2 and the loss rate was 10.54%,accounting for 43.76% of the total erosion area in Fujian Province.[Conclusion]The total 8 954.35 square kilometers erosion area mainly located at altitude of 200~1 000 mand makes up 81.85% of the total erosion area.Slope gradient was found closely associated with soil and water loss,and soil erosion primarily happensin place of 8°~25°slope.The loss area on that slope was 69 871.71 km2,accounting for 57.23%of the total erosion area.The bare land and forest land are prone to soil erosion,30.99% and 9.47% of the two lands were in erosion.

关 键 词：水土流失 空间分析 USLE 福建省 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]