2015年西安市肺结核流行特征及患者诊断、治疗情况调查  

Epidemiological analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis and investigation on patients' diagnosis and treatment in Xi'an city in 2015

作　　者：张慧[1] 曾令城[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安市疾病预防控制中心结核病预防控制科,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2017年第22期4109-4113,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：陕西省社会发展科技攻关项目(2015SF092)

摘　　要：目的分析西安市肺结核流行病学特征及患者免费治疗情况,为制定全市结核病防控策略提供依据。方法对2015年西安市活动性肺结核资料及免费治疗情况进行统计描述和分析。结果西安市活动性肺结核报告发病率为42.47/10万,城镇发病率高于农村;全年均有发病,冬春季发病人数较多;男性患者2 423例,女性患者1 225例,男女比为1.98∶1;14岁以下儿童发病数量最少,发病人数主要集中在以15~34岁年龄段;农民发病人数最多,为1 644例,占总患者人数的45.07%;有2 234例患者选择综合医院作为其首诊机构,占患者总人数的61.24%;确诊机构选择综合医院及专科医院的患者分别占31.58%及占52.62%;在结核病专科医院进行治疗的患者有2 261例,占61.98%,在结核病定点门诊接受免费治疗的患者有1 353例,免费治疗率为37.09%;不接受免费治疗的原因主要是比较信任专科医院及医生劝说导向。结论西安市肺结核病疫情能控制在较低水平,结核病防控工作取得成效,但免费治疗率较低。需加强对结核病免费治疗政策的宣传力度,国家也应出台相应的经济补助政策。Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis （TB） and free treatment situation in Xi ＇an city, in order to provide scientific evidence for its prevention and control. Methods Descriptive statistics and analytical methods were used to process the data of active pulmonary TB and free treatment. Results The active incidence of pulmonary TB was 42.47/100 000. The incidence rate in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas. The cases were distributed throughout a year. There were more patients in winter and spring. In all TB patients, there were 2423 male patients and 1225 female patients. The sex ratio was 1.98：1. Children under the age of 14 years old had the lowest number of cases. The cases from 15 to 34 years old were majority. There were 1644 cases in farmer, accounting for 45.07% of all patients. There were 2234 patients selecting general hospitals as the first diagnosis institution, accounting for 61.24% of all patients. The diagnosis confirmed institutions in general hospitals and TB specialist hospitals accounted for 31.58% and 52.62%, respectively. 2261 patients were treated in TB specialist hospitals, accounting for 61.98%. 1353 patients were treated in TB fixed-point outpatient service, and the free treatment rate was 37.09%. The main reasons for patients not accepting free treatment were trusting special hospital and doctor persuade guidance. Conclusion The epidemic situation of pulmonary TB in Xi＇an was controlled at a low level. Measures for control and prevention of pulmonary TB took effect. But the free treatment rate was low. Propaganda on the policy of TB free treatment must be strengthened. The corresponding economic subsidy policy should also be introduced by the state.

关 键 词：肺结核 流行 免费治疗 不接受 原因 

分 类 号：R183.3[医药卫生—流行病学]