泰安市300户农村家庭环境卫生调查  

Analysis on monitoring results of 300 households rural family environ-mental sanitation in Tai'an City

作　　者：明明[1] 马德珍[2] 

机构地区：[1]泰安市疾病预防控制中心计划免疫科,山东泰安271000 [2]泰安市疾病预防控制中心消毒管理与病媒生物防制科,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2017年第22期4118-4122,4130,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解泰安市农村家庭环境卫生状况,掌握农村家庭环境卫生健康危害因素,为政府制定改善农村环境卫生的政策措施提供科学依据。方法随机抽取3个县,每个县随机选择5个乡镇,每个乡镇随机选择4个行政村作为监测点,每个监测点随机选择5户家庭,共计300户家庭作为调查对象。结果泰安市农村家庭主要收入来源以农业和外出务工为主(分别占57.0%和27.0%);家里使用的主要燃料以电和柴为主(分别占47.7%和27.0%);家庭集中式供水覆盖率85.7%;饮水习惯以喝开水为主,占97.7%;家庭成员有饭前便后洗手习惯的占97.7%;68.3%的家庭使用农药。52.0%的家庭污水随意排放。农村家庭卫生厕所普及率35.3%,34.7%的厕室不清洁,53.0%的有臭味,7.7%有蝇蛆,34.3%有粪便暴露。79.7%的家庭房屋周围存在诸如猪圈、牛圈、死水池、污水沟等病媒生物孳生地,30.7%厨房有鼠迹,46.7%厨房有苍蝇,16.7%的庭院周围有积水容器,蚊幼虫孳生阳性率为11.7%。结论泰安市农村家庭环境卫生总体情况良好,但是,农村家庭污水处理方面薄弱,卫生厕所普及率较低,厕室内卫生条件较差,病媒生物密度水平较高,是今后农村家庭环境卫生工作的重点。Objective To understand the situation of rural family environmental sanitation in Tai＇an City,grasp the heahh risk factors of the rural environment, and provide scientific basis for the government to formulate policy measures. Methods Three counties were randomly selected, each county randomly selected five townships, each township randomly selected four admin- istrative villages as monitoring points, each monitoring point randomly selected five households, and a total of 300 households were the subject of investigation. Results The main income sources of rural households were agriculture and going out for working （accounted for 57.0% and 27.0%, respectively）, the main fuel were electricity and firewood （accounted for 47.7% and 27.0%,respectively）, the coverage rate of centralized water supply was 85.7%, drinking water habit was mainly drinking boiled water, accounted for 97.7%, and the family members had the habit of washing their hands after eating and before dinner ac- counted for 97.7%. 68.3% of households used pesticides. 52.0% of households discharged sewage at random. The penetration rate of hygienic toilet was 35.3%. 34.7% of the toilets were not clean, 53.0% smelled, 7.7% had maggots and 34.3% were ex- posed to feces. 79.7% of households existed breeding ground of vectors. 30.7% of kitchens had rat trails.46.7% had flies and 16.7% of households had water-accumulating containers, the positive rate was 11.7%. Conclusion The overall situation of ru- ral family environment sanitation in a good condition, but the sewage treatment of rural households was weak, the hygiene condition of sanitation latrine was relatively poor, and the level of vector density was high, all of which were the focus of the future work.

关 键 词：农村 家庭环境卫生 监测 

分 类 号：R127[医药卫生—环境卫生学]