“支持阵线”的演变与“基地”组织的战略选择  

The Evolution of Jabhat al-Nusra and al-Qaeda's Strategic Options

作　　者：包澄章[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学中东研究所

出　　处：《阿拉伯世界研究》2017年第6期63-77,共15页Arab World Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"当代中东萨拉菲主义及其政治影响研究"(14CZJ010);上海市Ⅰ类高峰学科(外国语言文学)建设项目的阶段性成果;上海外国语大学"青年英才海外研修计划";上海外国语大学青年教师科研创新团队(QJTD14NS001)的资助

摘　　要：叙利亚内战的爆发和"伊斯兰国"组织的兴起加剧了国际恐怖主义势力的内部分化,迫使"基地"组织作出"拓展网络"、"重塑权威"、"改善形象"三大战略选择。"支持阵线"的发展及演变集中体现了"基地"组织在叙利亚的战略考量,即借助叙利亚内战强化以暴力革命手段推翻世俗政权统治和推行伊斯兰统治的理念,利用叙利亚脆弱的政治进程整合叙反对派以加速本土化进程和拓展跨国网络,重新树立"基地"组织对国际"圣战"运动的权威。为实现"基地"组织在叙利亚的长期目标,"支持阵线"于2016年7月宣布同"基地"组织脱离关系,更名为"征服沙姆阵线",并于半年后同叙反对派多个组织合并组建"解放沙姆组织",凸显了"基地"组织运用"虚实结合"的策略破坏叙利亚和平进程、躲避国际反恐力量打击、重塑自身权威的图谋。The outbreak of Syrian civil war and the rise of the'Islamic State'exacerbated differentiation within global terrorist movement itself,which forced al-Qaeda to expand its network,reshape its authority and improve its image.The evolution of Jabhat al-Nusra represents the three strategic options developed by al-Qaeda in Syria,reinforcing the approach to overthrowing rule of secular regime by means of violent revolution and implementing its'Islamic governance',exploiting fragility of Syrian political process to merge with opposition groups to accelerate al-Qaeda's localization and develop its transnational network,and regain al-Qaeda's leadership of global Jihadist movement throughout Syrian civil war.In order to achieve al-Qaeda's long-term goals in Syria,Jabhat al-Nusra announced its split from al-Qaeda and changed its name to Jabhat Fateh al-Sham on July 28,2016.Six months later,the group merged with several Syrian opposition group and rebranded itself as Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham on January 28,2017.This reflects al-Qaeda's schemes of destroying Syrian peace process,avoiding attacks from international alliance for counter-terrorism,and regaining its authority by using tactics of mixture of truth and falsehood.

关 键 词：“支持阵线” “基地”组织 “伊斯兰国”组织 叙利亚内战 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]