新疆天山野生动物园自由散放马鹿(Cervus elaphus)的逃跑起始距离  

Flight Initiation Distance of Free Ranging Red Deer( Cervus elaphus) in Tianshan Wildlife Park

作　　者：丛少波 梁涛[1] 肖丽蓉[1] 时磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]乌鲁木齐市动物园,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2017年第4期556-560,共5页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31260511)资助

摘　　要：逃跑起始距离指的是动物由于捕食者的接近而开始逃跑的距离。逃跑起始距离常用于野生动物管理,量化人为干扰并定义缓冲区。2015年6月~2016年1月在乌鲁木齐市新疆天山野生动物园对自由散放马鹿的逃跑起始距离进行测定并分析其影响因素。采用步行靠近动物,用激光测距仪记录逃跑起始距离,在调查过程中记录马鹿数量和性别;记录当时的风向和接近动物的方向等。结果表明和野外种群不同,上述的多数因素不影响马鹿的逃跑起始距离。在野生动物园散放条件下马鹿的反捕食行为发生了明显变化,已经习惯于游客的接近。未来在园区改进旅游观光线路时应注意根据马鹿的逃跑起始距离确定缓冲区的大小,最大限度地减少人为干扰。Flight initiation distance（ FID） is defined as the distance between an animal and an approaching predator at the moment of flight initiation. FID is widely used in wildlife management to quantify human disturbance and define buffer zones. We measured FID of free ranging red deer（ Cervus elaphus） in response to a human in Tianshan Wildlife Park from June 2015 to January2016 in Urumqi,Xinjiang,China. The observer approached an animal on foot after sighting it and recorded the FID in meters using a Trueyard 1 500 laser range finder. We also recorded sex,group size and weather conditions together with each FID. The results showed a significant difference with wild populations. Most of the above factors have no impact on red deer FID. The results show significant behavioral differences between captive and free-ranging deer,the former being accustomed to approaching visitors. Our results might be used to improve the design of tourist routes and to determine sizes of buffer zones of red deer in captivity.This could help minimize human disturbance.

关 键 词：有蹄类 逃跑起始距离 习惯化 野生动物管理 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]