‘岳帅’苹果不同负载量光照分布与果实品质的关系  

Relationships between distribution of relative light intensity and quality in ‘Yueshuai' apple with different fruit loads

作　　者：张秀美[1] 王宏[1] 刘志[1] 于年文[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省果树科学研究所,辽宁熊岳115009

出　　处：《果树学报》2017年第11期1408-1414,共7页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CAR-27);辽宁省果树产业技术体系(LNGSCYTX-13/14-3);辽宁省科技厅科技特派计划(LNKTP2016-11);辽宁省科学事业公益研究基金(GY-2017-0043)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同负载量与光照分布、果实品质的关系。【方法】以14~16 a(年)生‘岳帅’苹果为试材,高中低产3种负载量作为处理,研究了负载量对枝芽量、相对光照强度、果实品质、色差值的影响。【结果】不同处理的枝芽量以处理Ⅱ(106.63 kg·株-1)枝芽量1 015.65×103·hm-2、长中短枝比0.35∶0.14∶1,较合理;相对光照强度表现为树冠由下向上、由内膛向外围垂直方向向上逐渐增大;处理Ⅱ最佳相对光强度(35%~75%)超过了60%,强光区不足20%,弱光区不足10%,光照分布较好;处理间色差值无显著差异,但树冠外围的果面亮度高,光洁度好,颜色较红好于内膛果;处理Ⅱ的果实大小、硬度和糖、酸适宜,品质明显优于其他处理。【结论】负载量中等(106.63 kg·株-1)的处理Ⅱ果实分布均匀,优质果比例高,有助于树体的营养积累和丰产稳产。树冠内大于60%的有效相对光照强度(35%~75%)、枝芽量1 015.65×103·hm-2、长中短枝比0.35∶0.14∶1,明显改善树冠光照条件,提高果实的产量和品质,为其推广应用提供理论依据。[ Objective ] Sparse planting with vigorous large canopy used to be the major planting system in apple orchards around the Bohai Gulf. After the trees entered the full bearing age, they had numerous branches and canopy became dense, which reduced fruit quality. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find out the effect of fruit load on light condition and fruit quality. We took＇ Yueshuai＇, a hybrid of ＇ Golden de- licious＇ x＇ Starking delicious＇ bred by Liaoning Research Institute of Pomology, as the experiment materi- al to study the effect of fruit load on the amounts of branches and buds, light conditions and fruit quality. [ Methods ] For measurement of light intensity, we used gird method, where the canopy was divided into layers of 0.5 meter height per side. A TSE-1332 type digital illumination meter was used to measure light intensity at different layers and orientations. For the measurement of fruit color values, we needed to take samples at different canopy positions, including 〈 1.0 meter, 1.0 to 2.5 meters and 〉2.5 meters in vertical direction and at the center （less than 1.0 meter from the trunk） and periphery （1.0-2.5 m from the trunk） in horizontal direction. A CR 400 colorimeter of Monolta Konica was used to measure fruit colors at differ- ent fruit positions. A GY- 1 handheld sclerometer was used to measure rigidity and a PAL- 1 digital refrac- tometer made in Japan was adopted to measure the content of soluble solids. Sodium hydroxide titration was applied to quantify acid content and 2,6-dichlorophen indophenols method for vitamin C content. Statistical software such as Origin 8.0, excel and DPS were used to process the experimental data and one- way analysis of variance to test the significance of differences among treatments. [ Results ] Treatment III with a fruit load of 1 881.81 had the largest number of branches, followed by treatment II with 1 015.65 fruit and treatment I with 834.96 fruit. The branch and bud numbers and the proportions of long, medium and short shoo

关 键 词：苹果 负载量 光照 品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]