烟台地区樱桃茎腐病病原菌、致病性及流行条件  

Pathogens, pathogenicity and epidemic conditions of cherry stem rot in Yantai

作　　者：于晓丽[1] 储昭辉[2] 李宝燕[1] 林霞 王培松[1] 王英姿[1] 

机构地区：[1]烟台市农业科学研究院植物保护研究所,山东烟台265500 [2]山东农业大学作物生物学国家重点实验室.山东省农业微生物重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [3]烟台大学生命科学学院,山东烟台264000

出　　处：《果树学报》2017年第11期1458-1466,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：山东省中青年科学家科研奖励基金(BS2015NY004);农业部公益性行业专项(201303018);山东省现代农业产业技术体系果品产业创新团队病虫防治与质量控制岗位专家(SDAIT-06-11)

摘　　要：【目的】从田间分离并鉴定樱桃茎腐病病原菌,探究病菌对不同品种樱桃叶片、新梢及木质化枝条的致病性及病害的流行动态和流行条件,为病害的防治及品种选育提供科学依据。【方法】从烟台地区樱桃苗圃分离得到樱桃茎腐病病原菌菌株P1639,进行初步形态学和分子生物学鉴定;通过室内试验测定菌株P1639对5个属和1个属间杂交种共17个樱桃品种的致病性,测定对‘先锋’的叶片、新生枝条和木质化枝条的致病性;连续4 a(年)对樱桃茎腐病的发生情况进行田间调查,分析病害流行动态及流行条件。【结果】从田间分离得到病原菌菌株P1639,通过形态学和分子生物学鉴定樱桃茎腐病的病原菌为烟草疫霉(Phytophthora nicotianae);确定了菌株P1639对‘黑珍珠’‘红灯’‘艳阳’‘先锋’‘明珠’‘拉宾斯’‘萨米脱’‘美早’‘桑提娜’‘晚丰’‘布鲁克斯’11个甜樱桃品种均致病,而对‘大青叶’‘马哈利’‘吉塞拉6号’‘ZY-1’‘东北山樱’和‘樱砧王’6个樱桃砧木品种均不致病;菌株P1639能够侵染‘先锋’樱桃叶片和当年的新生幼嫩枝条,不能侵染木质化枝条;樱桃茎腐病的发生与温度、降雨量、湿度密切相关,在7月多雨的年份容易大发生。【结论】烟台地区樱桃茎腐病的病原菌对欧洲甜樱桃(Prunus avium)具有较强的致病力,而对中国樱桃(P.pseudocerasus)、马哈利樱桃(P.mahaleb)、山樱花(P.serrulata)、欧洲酸樱桃(P.cerasus)4个属及酸樱桃(P.cerasus)和灰毛叶樱桃(P.canescens)的杂交种‘ZY-1’均不致病;该病原菌能够侵染欧洲甜樱桃的叶片和当年生新梢,不能侵染木质化枝条;烟台地区樱桃茎腐病的发生与温度、降雨量、湿度密切相关,大爆发于高温多雨年份的夏季。[Objective] Cherry stem rot, whose pathogen is Phytophthora nicotianae, represents a serious disease in the early stage of cherry seedlings. In these studies, we isolated and identified the pathogens found in the field to investigate the disease resistance of different cherry varieties and the conditions of the disease epidemic. These researches can provide scientific strategies for disease control and breeding. [Methods] The pathogen P1639 isolated from the cherry stem was collected from the field in the Fushan district of Yantai. The phenotypic characteristics （colony, mycelium, sporangium and chlamydospore mor- phology） of the pathogen were monitored by observation and using a microscope. We observed the mor- phology and color of the strain P1639 after being cultured on a PDA or 10% V8 medium plate for 3 d. The morphology and size of the mycelium on the slide glass were observed and measured with a microscope. Morphology and sizes of chlamydospores and sporangium were observed and measured with the microscope after being induced and produced. The genomic DNA of the pathogen strain P1639 was extracted and then sequenced with ITS primers. The strain P1639 was inoculated on cherry leaves according to Koch＇s principle. A total of 17 different species （5 species and 1 intergeneric cross） of cherries were inoc- ulated with P1639, and the pathogenicity was determined. P1639 was cultured on a solid plate of 10% V8 for 4 d and then the new cherry stems were inoculated using plugs of 6 mm diameter from the plate after surface sterilization. The stems were made moist with absorbent cotton after inoculation, and cultured in an incubator with 25℃ 12 h light conditions. The results were statistically analyzed after 3 to 7 d. The pathogenicity of the strain P1639 to the leaves, the new stems and the woody stems of the cherry variety ＇ Van＇ were further determined by laboratory tests. The leaves, new stems, and woody stems of the cherry variety ＇Van＇ after surface sterilization were inoculated with plugs o

关 键 词：樱桃茎腐病 烟草疫霉 樱桃品种 致病性 流行条件 

分 类 号：S662.5[农业科学—果树学]