某汽车胶管配件公司涂胶车间局部机械排风系统改造介绍及效果评价  

Experience of improving local mechanical exhaust system in a gluing workshop of an auto rubber hose and accessory company

作　　者：田河[1] 郭凯欣 王琳琳 贾狄 程建伟 王建超 

机构地区：[1]天津渤海化工集团有限责任公司劳动卫生研究所,天津300051 [2]东海橡塑(天津)有限公司,天津300350 [3]天津一汽丰田汽车有限公司,天津300457

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2017年第5期419-422,共4页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

摘　　要：[目的]介绍某汽车胶管配件公司涂胶车间局部机械排风系统改造经验及效果,为今后改善类似作业环境提供参考。[方法]对涂胶车间涂胶机设置的局部排风罩的选择、设计、安装情况进行现场调查;按照《排风罩的分类及技术条件》(GB/T16758-2008)规定的方法对排风罩的管道风速、罩口风速、控制距离及控制点风速进行现场测量,分析排风系统设计问题并进行整改;对改造后的涂胶机局部排风罩再次进行评价,确认改造效果。[结果]该企业原先设置的涂胶机局部排风罩不完全合理,结合车间职业接触情况对局部机械排风系统进行管路集中整合,减少排风管路分支并对控制距离、排风罩扩张角进行整合改造。改造后控制距离、罩口风速、控制点风速以及空气动力学均满足《简明通风手册》以及《局部排风设施控制风速检测与评估技术规范》(AQ/T 4274-2016)的相关要求,作业场所职业病危害因素浓度均符合国家职业接触限值的要求。[结论]局部机械排风系统的正确设计、安装及使用可有效提高控制效果。管道风速、罩口风速、控制距离以及控制点风速都会影响局部排风罩的实际控制效果;罩口围挡可提高局部排风罩的控制效果。[Objective] The experience of improving local mechanical exhaust system in the gluing workshop of an auto rubber hose and accessory company was introduced to provide a scientific orientation for improving the similar operating system in the future. [Methods] The technological process,equipment layout,the arrangement of working forces and their potential exposure to occupational health were investigated. The condition and ventilation effects of local exhaust hoods installed around the coating machines were surveyed. In accordance with the methods specified in GB/T 16758-2008 entitled with ＂Exhaust hood classification and technical conditions＂,the pipeline wind speed of exhaust system,hood wind speed,the critical control distance and wind speed at critical control point were measured. The deficiency of this system and reason were analyzed and then the improvement was made. After that the effects of this improved system was evaluated again. [Results] The design and installation of the local mechanical exhaust system in the gluing workshop seemed obviously unreasonable. The improvement included rearrangement of pipeline of the local mechanical exhaust system,reduction of number of the exhaust pipe branch,adjustment of control distance and divergent angle of exhaust hood. After being improved,the field test showed that the control distance,the hood wind speed,the wind speed at control points and aerodynamics met the relevant requirements listed in the＂Concise manual of ventilation＂and ＂The technical specifications for detection and evaluation of control velocity of local exhaust and ventilation facility ＂（AQ/T 4274-2016）. The concentrations of occupation hazards in workplaces were lower than the national occupation exposure limits. [Conclusion] The correct design,installation and application of the local mechanical exhaust system are very important for the control effect. The wind speed,the critical control distance and the wind speed at critical control point affect the actual control effect of local

关 键 词：局部机械排风系统 罩口风速 涂胶车间 控制距离 

分 类 号：X962[环境科学与工程—安全科学]