库斯科城固体废物管理中的公共物品自愿供给--基于行为实验的实证研究  

Voluntary Contributions to Solid Waste Management in Cusco: Evidence from Behavioral Experiments

作　　者： 塞萨尔·德尔波索 王诗傲(翻译) 

机构地区：[1]秘鲁安第斯区域研究中心 [2]阿根廷拉普拉塔国立大学经济系 [3]不详

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2017年第5期139-153,158,共15页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：本研究旨在识别何种社会规范有助于减少公共物品供给中的"搭便车"行为,以秘鲁库斯科城的公共环卫服务为例,采用威吓、惩罚手段(正式、非正式或集中式)及二者组合作为社会规范,对192个随机样本进行了12轮公共物品自愿供给(VCM)行为实验。结果显示,个人的公共物品供给行为与群体供给行为存在相关性,而行为情境的具体化(如环卫服务)会减少特定条件下的公共物品供给。行为实验结果表明,威吓手段使公共物品供给有所增加,构成了可有效减少"搭便车"行为的社会机制;性别结构也会影响个人的公共物品供给,在女性占主导的群体中,威吓手段对个人行为的影响最大。实验结果显示,在公共环卫服务这一特定公共物品的供给上,集中的正式社会规范使个人自愿供给显著增加,库斯科水务公司的月度数据证实了这点。公共政策制定者应对固体废物管理制度进行反思,探讨通过制度调整来减少拖欠缴费行为的可行性,以便为公共环卫服务提供充足资金。The main objective of this study is to estimate which types of social norms could generate incentives to reduce free-rider behavior in relation to the contribution to public goods and in particular to the contribution to the public cleaning service in the context of the city of Cusco(Peru).Behavioral experiments(voluntary contribution mechanisms-VCM)have been used with various social norms(treatments):threats,penalties(formal,non-formal,centralized)and their combinations.Treatments were randomly applied to a sample of 192 individuals in 12 rounds.The results suggest that the individual contribution is correlated with the group contribution;however,the contextualisation of the contribution scenario for a specific public good(public cleanup)reduces the conditional contribution.Threats constitute an effective social mechanism to reduce free-rider behavior in the study sample,threats increase by 24%contributions to the public good.Evidence shows that for the specific contribution to public cleaning,formal and centralized social norms would increase the contribution to the service by32%,through the monthly receipt of the water and sanitation company in the city of Cusco.The results of the study can motivate the discussion at the level of the public policy makers regarding solid waste management on the possibility of making institutional changes that allow reducing the high delinquency of the payment of contributions for the financing of the public cleaning service.

关 键 词：公共物品 环卫服务 自愿供给 “搭便车” 社会规范 行为实验 

分 类 号：F062.6[经济管理—政治经济学]