改进训练方法对海军特勤部队高强度军事训练肾损伤的十年观察研究  

Ten years observational study of improve training methods to the kidney injury caused by high intensive military training among the Navy special force agents

作　　者：陈洪[1] 周春华[2] 李猛[2] 张朝阳[2] 宋磊[2] 余永武[2] 崔艳[2] 单毅[2] 肖枫林[2] 杨强[3] 张军[4] 肖莹 

机构地区：[1]海军总医院干部保健科,北京100048 [2]海军总医院肾内科 [3]中国人民解放军92057部队卫生科 [4]中国人民解放军92510部队卫生科

出　　处：《中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志》2017年第10期952-955,共4页China Journal of Emergency Resuscitation and Disaster Medicine

基　　金：海军后勤科研项目（CHJ12L024）

摘　　要：目的明确海军特勤部队高强度军事训练后肾损伤的发生率、高危因素及观察改进训练方法的效果。方法2006—2015年通过3次大样本流行病学调查，留取海军特勤部队1000余人次5km武装越野跑后不同时间尿液标本，以干化学法、对硝基苯酚比色法检测血尿、蛋白尿、酶尿发生率，经问卷调查Logistic多因素回归分析法分析高危因素。分次反馈、指导改进部队训练，并观察效果。结果2006年调查发现，高强度军训后血尿、蛋白尿、酶尿发生率分别为9．47％、44％、56．97％，高于运动医学报告。军龄〈1年、在沥青硬路面集训是肾损伤高危因素。经反馈调整训练计划，2012年复测发现训练后血尿发生率下降，但蛋白尿、酶尿未见改善。训练方法不当、未经培训、强度过大、不良心理情绪、既往体育活动频率〈3次／周，是造成肾损伤的高危因素。经积极纠正改进，2015年复测发现肾损伤发生率明显下降。结论高强度军事训练后肾损伤的发生率较高，但根据高危因素及时预防纠正，改进训练方法，可早期逆转病程，明显降低发生率。Objective To investigate the incidence and high risks of the kidney injury caused by high intensive military training among Navy special force agents, and to explore the results of rational interventions during ten years＇ observationail study. Methods Three large sample epidemiological investigations during 2006 to 2015 were investigated. Different time urine samples of more than 1000 Navy special force agents after a 5 km cross-country run to detect the abnormalities of hematuria, proteinuria, urine N-acetyl-13-d-glueosaminidase （NAG） by dry chemistry and nitrophenol colorimetry method were collected. Questionnaire investigations were implemented and high risks to improve the training guidance were analyzed. Results The abnormalities of hematuria, proteinuria, urine NAG caused by high intensive military training was 9.47% , 44% , 56.97% respectively, higher than those reported in Sports Medicine field. The high risks of kidney injury were training time less than one year and training on hard roads. By adjusting the training plan, survey in 2012 found that after training, the abnormalities of hematuria decreased, while the abnormalities of proteinuria, urine NAG remained high. The high risks of kidney injury included improper training methods, lacking of preparation activities, over high training intensity, bad psychological emotions and sports frequency less than 3 times per week previously. The incidence of kidney injury significantly decreased by adjusting the training plan in 2015. Conclusion The incidence of kidney injury after high intensity military training was high. Adjusting the training plan and improving the training methods according to the high risks may reverse the disease course and significantly reduce the incidence in the early.

关 键 词：军事训练 肾 运动损伤 军事医学 

分 类 号：R322.61[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]