蓝花丹种子生物学特性及其采集、贮藏技术研究  

Study on the seed biological characteristics and seed collection and storage technologies of Plumbago auriculata

作　　者：司文慧 高素萍[1] 吴佩纹[1] 赵志惠[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学风景园林学院,成都611130

出　　处：《植物科学学报》2017年第5期759-766,共8页Plant Science Journal

基　　金：四川景观与游憩研究中心项目(JGYQ201610);四川省科技计划项目(16ZC2871)~~

摘　　要：蓝花丹(Plumbago auriculata Lam.)原产南非,由于其存在自交不亲和现象,导致自然结实率极低。本文研究了蓝花丹种子的形态结构、吸水特性及最适萌发温度,根据形态观测以及发芽率等指标筛选出优质种子,并对优质种子不同的干燥方法、贮藏温度等进行探讨。结果表明:蓝花丹种子呈长椭圆状,长8.00~13.80 mm,长宽比约为5.3∶1。种皮薄而柔软,有网状褶皱。外种皮表面有附着物,大面积分布有腺体,利于种子传播。胚芽靠近合点,萌发率较高。种子播种前的浸种时间应保持在11 h以上,最适发芽温度为25~30℃。当种皮颜色为深褐色,种子长度大于11 mm且发芽率大于75%时,可判断为优质种子,发生此性状时即为最佳采种时间。种子适宜的干燥方式为烘箱内30℃干燥1 d,干燥种子最佳贮藏温度为-86℃,且贮藏时间越短发芽率越高,而新鲜种子在此条件下不宜贮藏超过15 d。Plumbago auriculata Lam. is native to South Africa. Due to its self-incompatibility, the natural seed setting rate is extremely low, and thus seeds often rely on imports. To date, however, no research has been conducted on the biological characteristics, collection, or storage technologies of P. auriculata seeds. Here, the morphological structure, water absorption characteristics, and optimum germination temperature of the seeds were studied. According to morphological observation and germination rate, we screened high-quality seeds, which were then used to investigate optimum drying methods and storage temperature. Results showed that the P. auriculata seeds were long and oval in shape and 8.00 - 13.80 mm in length, with a 5.3 ： 1 aspect ratio. The seed coat was thin and soft, with reticular folds. The testa surface had numerous attachments, and a large distribution area of glands, conducive to seed propagation. Germ near the chalaza, encouraged higher germination rate. Optimum seed soaking time was longer than 11 h and optimal germination temperature was 25 - 30℃. When the seed coat appeared dark brown and the seed length was greater than 11 mm, the seed germination rate was greater than 75%, thus indicating high-quality seeds. The suitable seed drying temperature was 30℃ for 1 d. The optimum storage temperature of the dry seeds was -86℃. The shorter the storage time, the higher the germination rate. Fresh seeds should not be stored for more than 15 d at ultra-low temperature.

关 键 词：种子生物学 分级 干燥 贮藏 蓝花丹 

分 类 号：Q945.66[生物学—植物学]