2016年武汉市渍水水质变化过程监测与分析  

Monitoring and analysis on variation of quality for floodwater in Wuhan urban areas in 2016

作　　者：刘俊玲[1] 何振宇[1] 汪耀[1] 熊燕[1] 梁建生[1] Liu Junling;He Zhenyu;Wang Yao;Xiong Yan;Liang Jiansheng(Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan 430015,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉市疾病预防控制中心,武汉430015

出　　处：《卫生研究》2017年第6期956-959,共4页Journal of Hygiene Research

摘　　要：目的对城市渍水理化指标、微生物指标及生物综合毒性进行持续监测。方法以武汉市洪山区的南湖雅园、板桥社区和新洲区的新湖村作为渍水社区监测点,同时选择与渍水区相邻的南湖、野芷湖、沙河作为地表水监测点,持续监测渍水中理化指标、微生物指标及生物综合毒性。采用非参数检验进行浓度分布差异分析。结果城市渍水感官性状指标普遍不佳,且随渍水时间延长逐渐恶化。一般化学指标中,p H值渍水初期处于较高水平并随时间逐渐降低;高锰酸盐指数(耗氧量)一直维持在较高水平(3.83~8.16 mg/L);亚硝酸盐氮渍水初期随时间逐步升高,在2~3天的平台期后随时间逐步降低;渍水中氯化物含量与对应地表水中氯化物相关。毒理学指标(砷、铅、汞)未检出。微生物指标中粪大肠菌群检出率为47%,未检出致病性病原微生物(大肠杆菌O157、霍乱弧菌、志贺菌、沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌)及轮状病毒、诺如病毒。渍水水样对发光细菌(费希尔弧菌)的发光强度抑制率低于30%。结论武汉市渍水存在感官性状指标恶劣及有机污染、人畜粪便污染的现象,但是渍水灾区居民通过皮肤暴露或呼吸道暴露导致健康危害的风险较小。渍水消退后,渍水小区内、外环境只需进行常规预防性消毒即可保障安全;发光细菌法检测结果与毒理学指标检测结果一致性较好。Objective To conduct a continuous monitoring of the physical,chemical microbial indicators and overall biological toxicity for water quality in waterlogged urban areas. Methods Monitoring sites were chosen in the waterlogging areas in the Nanhu- Yayuan and Banqiao communities of Hongshan District, and the Xinhu village of Xinzhou District, Wuhan City. The South Lake, Yezhi Lake and Shahe River were selected as the corresponding surface water monitoring sites. Samples were collected in an extended period of time for the examination of physical, chemical microbial indicators and the determination of biological toxicity. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 11.0 software package. Results The water samples from waterlogged areas generally exhibited poor aesthetic aspects of drinking waters, and these indexes gradually deteriorated with prolonged waterlogging. Among the general chemical indexes, pH value was at an initial high level and decreased with time, permanganate index （oxygen consumed） remained at a high level （3.83 -8.16 mg/L） , nitrite-nitrogen level gradually increased and stabilized for 2 - 3 days and then gradually decreased, chloride of the waterlogged samples and the corresponding surface water samples were correlated. Toxicological indicators （arsenic, lead, mercury） were not examined. For microbioligical indicators, fecal coliforms was detected at a rate of 47% , and negative result were revealed for pathogenic pathogenic microorganisms （ Escherichia coli O157, Vibrio cholerae , Shigella , Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus） and Rotavirus and Novovirus. The inhibition rate of samples on luminous intensity of Vibrio cholerae was less than 30%. Conclusion Although the aesthetic aspects of drinking water were poor and organic and fecal contaminants were present, the risk of health hazards from skin or respiratory exposure was small for residents. After the floodwater subsided, routine preventive disinfection will be sufficient to ensure the safety for waterlogged urban areas. The

关 键 词：渍水 健康危害评估 发光细菌法 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]