一种面向时空对象及其关联关系动态变化表达的概念数据模型  

A Conceptual Data Model for Dynamic Changes Expression of Spatio-temporal Object and Its Association

作　　者：成波 关雪峰[1,2] 向隆刚 高萌[1] 吴华意 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室,武汉430079 [2]武汉大学地球空间信息技术协同创新中心,武汉430079

出　　处：《地球信息科学学报》2017年第11期1415-1421,共7页Journal of Geo-information Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目"全空间信息系统与智能设施管理"(2016YFB0502300)

摘　　要：根据全空间信息系统中地理实体基本特征以及存储管理的需求,本文提出了一种面向地理实体及其关联关系动态变化表达的时空数据模型。(1)在地理实体方面,将其抽象为由有序、无缝对象片段组成的时空对象,并建立了对象片段表达的三元组模型,即空间位置、几何形态和属性特征;(2)在关联关系方面,采用基于RDF模型来对空间关系和属性关系进行形式化描述;(3)在动态变化方面,将地理实体的变化分为空间位置的变化、几何形态的变化和属性特征的变化,关联关系的变化分为空间关系和属性关系的变化,并分别采用快照/增量、方程/模型2种方式来统一表达它们的离散和连续变化。该模型可显式地描述动态的时空对象及其关联关系在时空过程中的变化,有助于探讨和挖掘地理现象的基本变化规律和内在关联性。According to the characteristics of geographic entities and the requirements of storage management in pan-spatial information system, a spatio-temporal data model has been proposed to efficiently express the dynamic changes of geographical entities and their associations. Firstly, geographical entities are abstracted into spatio-temporal objects consisting of ordered and seamless object segments series. On that basis, a three-tuple model, which includes spatial location, geometry morphology and attribute feature, is designed to represent object segment. Secondly, in the aspect of association of entities like spatial relationship and attribute relationship, an extended RDF（Resource Description Framework） model is adopted to support the formalized description. Finally, as mentioned before, the dynamic changes contain the changes of geographical entities and the change of the entities＇ associations. On one hand, the change of geographical entities is considered to fall into one of three types： change of spatial location movement, change of geometry morphology transformation and change of attribute feature. On the other hand, the changes of entity association includes spatial relationship and attribute relationship changes. According to the snapshot/increment and equation/model, the methods introduced could represent the discrete and continuous changes of the geographical entities and the associations. The proposed spatio-temporal model data model can not only precisely express the dynamic changes of spatial characteristics and attribute characteristics of geographic entities, but also explicitly represent the various associations of geographic entities over space and attribute. Furthermore, with the model, the exploration and mining over the change regularities and inner relevance of geographic phenomenon is expected to have a better behavior in some way, which is significant for the prediction, decision and planning in our lives.

关 键 词：全空间信息系统 动态变化 关联关系 时空数据模型 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]