唐大明宫遗址土壤重金属含量及潜在生态风险评价  

MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION ON CONTENT OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION OF SOIL AT THE TANG DAMING PALACE SITE

作　　者：赵春燕[1] 李春林[1] 龚国强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100710

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2017年第6期1456-1463,共8页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目（批准号：21271186）、国家社会科学基金项目（批准号：12BKG019）和中国社会科学院哲学社会科学创新工程（批准号：2017KGYJ044）共同资助

摘　　要：唐大明宫遗址位于西安市北郊龙首原上，是唐王朝内政外交的中心，其使用时间长达200余年。本文利用电感耦合等离子体质谱分析技术，对唐大明宫遗址官署区渠道不同文化层土壤样品中铅（Pb）、锌（Zn）、铜（Cu）、铬（Cr）、镉（Cd）的重金属元素含量进行了检测，以此为依据探讨该地区不同历史时期生态环境与人类活动的关系。结果表明，不同历史朝代文化层中重金属元素的含量均高于陕西省土壤背景值，而且随时间推移，重金属元素的含量呈增高的趋势。采用瑞典科学家H？kanson提出的沉积物潜在生态风险指数评价方法对唐大明宫遗址的重金属污染状况进行评价的结果显示，唐大明宫遗址的多金属污染程度在历史不同时期依次为：五代至宋元时期 〉 唐末 〉 明清时期 〉 晚唐时期 〉 唐晚期 〉 唐代前期。说明唐大明宫遗址在不同朝代其使用功能与生态环境发生了变化，考古发掘和文献记载也证实从唐末大明宫被毁弃直至明清时期，该地区从宫殿废墟变为农耕地。与现代大明宫遗址的潜在生态风险状态相比，历史上的大明宫遗址均处于较低潜在生态风险状态中，提示土壤中重金属元素含量的变化与人类活动密切相关。The Tang Daming Palace site is located at Xi＇an City, Shaanxi Province. This site is large royal palace site of Tang Dynasty, and it is dated to 663~904 A.D. The contents of heavy metal of several cultural layers at the Tang Daming Palace site were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma-mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）technique. Based on this, the relationship between ecological environment and human activities in different historical periods of the region was discussed. The results show that the content value of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd in all cultural layers are higher than the soil element background values of Shaanxi Province. Compared with the soil in the early period of the Tang Dynasty, the content of heavy metals in the soil increased in other periods. It means that relatively serious accumulation of heavy metal took place in some of historical dynasties, such as Late Tang, Wudai, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, as well as present day. The increase of heavy metal content in historical records reminds us of the difference of their function and surroundings environment in those periods at the Tang Daming Palace site. The heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risk of five heavy metals in soils from the Tang Daming Palace site have evaluated by H kanson index. The determined results of 5 heavy metals of soils in the Tang Daming Palace site show that pollutes slightly.The overall pollution degree, as indicated by the pollution index calculated from the different heavy metal accumulation, is higher for Late Tang Dynasty、Wudai and Song Dynasty and Qing Dynasty. According to the historical documents and archaeological excavations, the Tang Daming Palace were abandoned during these periods and became farmland. This means that the increase of heavy metal content is caused by human activities. By using the methods of single factor index and composite index, the pollution level of five heavy metals contented in the Tang Daming Palace site soil were evaluated and the result shows that these five heavy metals

关 键 词：大明宫遗址 土壤 重金属元素 污染 人类活动 

分 类 号：K878.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] P618.4[历史地理—历史学]