试论正义与发展党执政以来的土耳其修宪公投  

An Analysis of Referendum on Constitutional Amendment in Turkey Since the AKP being in Power

作　　者：李艳枝[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学历史学院,辽宁沈阳110136

出　　处：《外国问题研究》2017年第3期32-44,共13页FOREIGN HISTORY STUDIES

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"土耳其正义与发展党执政理念与实践研究"(编号:13CSS020);中国博士后科学基金面上一等资助(编号:2013M540770);中国博士后科学基金特别资助(编号:2014T70936);辽宁省社科规划基金项目(编号:L12DMZ009)

摘　　要：1982年宪法的制定和颁布实施,基于军方掌权和整饬社会秩序的社会现实,该宪法框架下的民主政治呈现被监护的"有限民主"特征,不同社会力量围绕宪法修订而展开的权力博弈成为国家治理中的突出问题。正义与发展党上台后积极推行宪法修订,通过全民公投将2007、2010、2017年宪法修正案付诸实施,突破了1982年宪法的宪政框架,强化了正义与发展党的一党独大优势,一定程度上保障了民众的权利和自由,实现了从议会制向总统制的转变。全民公投作为土耳其代议制民主的重要补充,加强了意识形态分歧和社会力量分化,增加了正义与发展党的执政危机,强化了埃尔多安的集权趋向,形成了民主与威权的悖论,对土耳其政治变革产生了深远影响。The 1982Constitution was made and enforced by Turkish military regime for effectively rectifying the society.Under this constitutional and political system frame,Turkish democracy is tutelary and limited.Different political forces centered on constitutional amendment to struggle for their own interest,which was a prominent issue in the process of Turkish national governance.When AKP came to power,it actively introduced a lot of constitutional amendments.The AKP government made the approval of constitutional amendment in 2007,constitutional amendment in 2010 and constitutional amendment in 2017through Referendum.These constitutional amendments broke through the constitutional framework of the 1982Constitution,and safeguarded basic civil rights and freedom in some sense.But it made AKP become a dominant party in Turkey and realize the transitionof government system from presidential to parliamentary.Referendum is an important supplement to representative democracy in Turkey.It not only exacerbates ideological differences and social divisions,but also deepens the ruling crisis of the AKP and makes Erdogan become an allpowerful ruler.This suggests the paradox of Turkish democratization and authority,which has profound implications for Turkish political change.

关 键 词：土耳其 正义与发展党 宪法修正案 全民公投 

分 类 号：D737.4[政治法律—政治学]