长江流域大麦后直播棉集中成铃与高产协同表达群体株型特征  

The Plant Architecture of Direct-Sowing Cotton Planted after Barley Harvested with High Yield and Centralized Boll-Setting

作　　者：张祥[1,2] 胡大鹏 李亚兵[3] 田巧凤[1] 王国平[3] 卢俊[4] 花明明 陈源 陈德华[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农学院江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点,江苏扬州225009 [2]Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory,University of Georgia [3]中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南安阳455000 [4]江苏金色农业科技发展有限公司,江苏盐城224000

出　　处：《棉花学报》2017年第6期513-524,共12页Cotton Science

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-18-18);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201306);国家自然科学基金(31671613;31471435);江苏省农业三新工程[SXGC(2016)320];中国农业科学院科技创新工程(植棉技术标准化团队;2016PCTS-1);国家博士后基金(2016M591934);江苏省博士后基金(1601116C);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程;江苏高校品牌专业建设工程;江苏省高等学校自然科学研究重大项目(17KJA210003)

摘　　要：【目的】研究品种和氮肥运筹对麦后直播棉成铃、产量和株型影响,明确长江流域棉花集中成铃与高产协同表达群体株型特征。【方法】采用大田试验,2014年和2015年前茬均为大麦,2014年以国欣12-1、宜机棉、鲁棉研36为供试品种,设计2种氮肥用量水平(45 kg·hm^(-2)、150 kg·hm^(-2));2015年进一步以国欣12-1为材料,设置2个缓释肥纯氮用量(150 kg·hm^(-2)、225 kg·hm^(-2))和2种运筹(苗肥和花肥质量比分别为70%∶30%和100%∶0)处理,并以常规施肥(纯氮150 kg·hm^(-2))和不施肥为对照。【结果】2014年施纯氮150 kg·hm^(-2)时,国欣12-1籽棉产量达4 014.72 kg·hm^(-2)且显著高于其它处理;2015年苗期一次性施入缓释肥氮素用量150 kg·hm^(-2)的处理比常规施肥处理增产30.96%;前述2个处理下,国欣12-1成铃也较为集中,8月15日至8月30日成铃数占总成铃数比率(成铃率)分别达31.8%,26.1%,均高于其它处理。相关分析表明同期成铃率与籽棉产量极显著正相关(r_(2014)=0.948**、r_(2015)=0.976**)。进一步分析株型指标与8月15日至8月30日成铃率、籽棉产量的关系,提出了长江流域大麦后直播棉群体优化指标。【结论】大麦后直播棉群体优化指标可以实现高产和集中成铃的协同表达。[Object] The study was conducted to investigate the plant architecture characteristic of direct sowing cotton planted after barely harvested with high yield and centralized boll-setting in the Yangtze River basin. [Method] In 2014, the cultivars Guoxin 12-1, Yijimian and Lumianyan 36 were used and the two conventional fertilizer（CF） application rates（namely pure nitrogen 45 kg·hm^（-2）, 150 kg·hm^（-2）） and Guoxin 12-1 was used in 2015. Two slow release fertilizer（SR） utilization rates（namely pure nitrogen 150 kg·hm^（-2） and 225 kg·hm^（-2）） and two SR topdressing at different growth stages（namely 100% topdressing at seedling stage, 70% topdressing at seedling stage ＋ 30% at flowing stage） were set with CF（pure nitrogen 150 kg·hm^（-2）） and no fertilizer treatment as the controls. [Result] While the pure nitrogen（CF） amount was 150 kg·hm^（-2）, the seed cotton yield of Guoxin 12-1 were 4 014.72 kg·hm^（-2）. In 2015, the seed cotton yield for the treatment, application SR（pure nitrogen 150 kg·hm^（-2））and application ratios of seedling stage and flowering stage of 100% and 0, respectively, increased by 30.96%. The ratios of bolls setting from 08-15 to 08-30 to total bolls（RBT） for the two treatments were 31.8% and 26.1%, respectively. Then a significantly positive correlation between the seed cotton yield and RBT was found（r_（2014）=0.948＊＊, r_（2015）=0.976＊＊）. Based on the analysis of relationship between the plant architecture indexes and RBT, plant architecture characteristics of cotton population with high yield and centralized boll-setting was proposed. [Conclusion] These indexes would be used to supervise the cotton culture management to achieve high yield and centralized boll-setting for the direct sowing cotton planted after barely harvested.

关 键 词：大麦后直播棉 氮肥 株型 集中成铃 高产 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]