双壳油船破舱原油泄漏缩尺模型相似准则  

Similarity Criteria of Physical Modeling for Crude Oil Leakage from Double Hull Oil Tanker

作　　者：卢金树 吴豪霄 杨振波 

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学海运与港航建筑工程学院,浙江舟山316022

出　　处：《中国航海》2017年第3期103-108,共6页Navigation of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会面上项目(51079129);浙江省自然基金(LY18E090008)

摘　　要：为使双壳油船原油泄漏缩尺模型试验能真实地反映事故原型,需确定各相似准则的重要程度。针对油舱原油泄漏过程,基于相似理论,采用量纲分析的方法推导较完整的相似准则数群,根据不同相似准则的组合建立3种缩尺模型。进行原型和不同相似准则缩尺模型的数值试验,并根据相似关系将缩尺模型试验的泄漏持续时间、泄漏总量等宏观泄漏特征参数反推回原型,与原型数值试验结果相对比。采用黏性流体动力学理论分析各种作用力对泄漏过程的影响。结果表明:弗汝德相似准则和雷诺相似准则是原油泄漏缩尺模型试验必须依据的准则,韦伯相似准则可不予考虑。在试验油品和原油密度相同的情况下,缩尺模型试验结果与原型最为接近。针对不同泄漏阶段,应采用不同的缩尺模型进行试验。Laboratory investigation of oil leakage from double hull oil tank requires the selection of an adequate similitude.In order to ensure the rationality of the scale model tests,the dimension analysis method is used to deduce the similarity criteria that are required in the scale model test. Based on these similarity criteria,three different kinds of scale models are presented. Numerical simulation for the prototype and its 1/40 scale models based on different similitude criteria are carried out. According to the similarity criteria,the result from the scale model is extrapolated to the prototype flow conditions and compared with those directly calculated from the prototype. Based on the viscous fluid dynamics,the effects of viscous force,surface tensional force and buoyant force on the crude oil leakage process are analyzed. The results indicate that the Froude and Reynolds similarity criteria are the dominant similarity criteria and Weber criteria is negligible. When the density of oil used in the model is equal to that of crude,the scale effect is minimized. In different oil leakage stage,different scale model is required to simulate the oil leakage process.

关 键 词：船舶工程 缩尺模型 相似准则 原油泄漏 双壳油船 黏性流体动力学 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程] U674.133.1[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]