低保瞄准的精准化与农村低保治理转型——基于鄂东W村的实地调研  

The Precision of Subsistence Allowances Targeting and the Transition of Rural Subsistence Allowances Management——Based on the Field Investigation of W Village in East Hubei Province

作　　者：安永军[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学中国乡村治理研究中心,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《社会保障研究》2017年第6期60-66,共7页Social Security Studies

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究项目"完善基层社会治理"(14JZD030)成果

摘　　要：低保对象的瞄准是决定低保制度反贫困效果的关键一环,而社区评议和家计调查是低保瞄准的两种主要机制。本文通过对鄂东W村的实地调研,发现社区评议机制在实践中面临着严重的瞄准困境:一是管理粗放导致分配不公,二是监督薄弱导致瞄准偏离。在此情况下,地方政府引入了家计调查机制,具体做法是引入"虚拟收入"的计算方法和大数据核查,大大提升了低保瞄准的精准化程度。从社区评议向家计调查的转变反映了低保治理从低成本的模糊治理向高成本的精准治理的转型,其深层动力在于国家治理向规范化方向的转型。The targeting of subsistence allowances is the key factor in determining the anti-poverty effect of the system,and the community review and the household survey are two main targeting mechanisms. In this paper,through the field investigation of W village,it is found that the community review mechanism is faced with serious aiming difficulties in practice. First,extensive management led to the distribution of injustice; Second,weak supervision led to deviation. In this case,the local government set up household survey mechanism,the specific approach is to introduce the ＂ virtual income＂ calculation method and large data verification,greatly enhance the degree of precision. The shift from community review to household survey reflects the transition from low-cost fuzzy governance to high-cost precision governance,and its deep power lies in the transformation of national governance to the direction of standardization.

关 键 词：低保 瞄准机制 社区评议 家计调查 转型 

分 类 号：F323.89[经济管理—产业经济]