铝合金作为阴极在锌电积过程中的电化学行为  

Electrochemical Behavior of Aluminum Alloy as Cathode in Zinc Electrodeposition

作　　者：栗韬 黄惠[1,2] 郭忠诚 

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,云南昆明650093 [2]昆明理工恒达科技股份有限公司,云南昆明650106

出　　处：《稀有金属》2017年第11期1188-1195,共8页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51504111);云南省自然科学基金项目(20113FA012和20113FB022)资助

摘　　要：选取商业纯铝、防锈铝、锻铝和超硬铝作为锌电积阴极,在ZnSO_4-H_2SO_4体系中通过电化学测试及中试试验研究4种阴极的电化学行为,同时利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察铝合金上电积锌初期形核,X射线衍射(XRD)分析沉积锌结晶取向。研究结果表明:500 A·m^(-2)电流密度下铝及其合金的析出电位(E)和交换电流密度(i0)分别为:E纯铝=-1.541 V,i0=6.33×10-11A·cm^(-2);E防锈铝=-1.545 V,i0=7.74×10^(-8)A·cm^(-2);E锻铝=-1.55 V,i0=1.01×10^(-7)A·cm^(-2);E超硬铝=-1.496 V,i0=6.07×10-3A·cm^(-2)。合金元素的添加会增加初期形核位置、促进成核速率;形核速率的提高,在一定程度上抑制了卤族元素对阴极的腐蚀;长时间沉积后,锌片结晶取向没有发生变化。锻铝和超硬铝易发生烧板和鼓泡,电流效率低,分别只有79.16%和84.54%;纯铝电流效率达到88.04%,且沉积锌平整、光滑,但阴极板容易被卤族元素腐蚀;防锈铝沉积锌质量与纯铝相差不大,电流效率为86.88%,但对卤族元素腐蚀抑制作用明显。The characteristics of commercial pure aluminum, antirust aluminum, forging aluminum alloy and super hard aluminum alloy as the cathode were studied systematically using scanning electron microscope （SEM）, X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry （XEDS）, back scattered electrons （BSE） and electrochemical test. The results showed that under industry current density of 500 A.m-2, the deposition potential （E） and exchange current density （ i0 ） of commercial pure aluminum, antirust aluminum, forging aluminum alloy and super hard aluminum alloy were - 1. 541 V, 6.33 × 10 -11 A.cm-2 ;- 1. 545 V, 7.74× 10 -8 A.cm-2 ; - 1.55 V, 1.01 × 10 -7 A-cm-2 ; -1. 496 V, 6.07 × 10 -3 A,cm-2, respectively. Alloying elements addition could increase the initial nucleation sites and promote the rate of nucleation. The increased nucleation rate inhibited the corrosion of cathode caused by halogen elements to some extent. There was no change in the crystalline of zinc tables after long time deposition. Forging aluminum alloy and super hard aluminum alloy were prone to burning plate and bubbling and the current efficiency was low which were only 84.54% and 79.16%, respectively. The current efficiency of the pure aluminum was 88.04% and zinc deposition was smooth, but the cathode plate was easy to be corroded by halogen elements. The quality of zinc deposition on antirust aluminum was similar to that of pure commercial aluminum. The current efficiency was 86.88% , but the inhibition of corrosion caused by halogen elements was obvious.

关 键 词：铝合金 沉积锌 阴极 析出相 腐蚀 

分 类 号：TF813[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]