钒基固溶体贮氢合金的研究进展  

Research Progress of Vanadium-Based Solid Solution Hydrogen Storage Alloys

作　　者：罗龙 吴文远 边雪 齐健博 

机构地区：[1]东北大学冶金学院,辽宁沈阳110819 [2]内蒙古科技大学分析测试中心,内蒙古包头014101

出　　处：《稀有金属》2017年第11期1265-1272,共8页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51274060);内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2014MS0529);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(N150204019);内蒙古科技大学创新基金项目(2014QDL048)资助

摘　　要：基于目前钒基固溶体贮氢合金研究现状,介绍了钒氢反应原理,对钒基贮氢合金理论计算、合金制备及性能改善等方面的研究进行了总结,并对合金成本等问题进行了讨论。钒基体心立方结构固溶体贮氢合金具有高容量、氢化反应条件温和、抗粉化性能好,动力学性能优越等特点。尤其作为燃料电池用贮氢罐的候选材料,具有很好的开发应用前景。钒从吸氢至完全饱和的整个过程,结构在发生变化:BCC(α)→BCT(β)→FCC(γ)。利用材料计算方法对合金热力学、晶格参数、电子原子比等方面进行理论计算,能够为实验研究提供理论指导。通过一种或多种元素添加或替代和热处理能够显著改善钒基固溶体贮氢合金的贮氢性能,但在高吸氢容量的前提下保证合金能够在适中条件下释放大部分氢仍是该系合金开发的关键之一。高纯钒价格昂贵,在不显著减小最大容量的基础上有效降低钒基贮氢合金的成本是该合金研究的另外一个关键点。Based on the current research status of vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloys, the principle of vanadium hydrogen reaction was introduced. The research on the theoretical computation, the preparation and performance improvement of vanadium based hydrogen storage alloys was summarized. And the problem concerning the cost of alloy was discussed. Vanadium-based solid solution hydrogen storage alloys had characteristic of high capacity, moderate conditions for hydrogenation reaction, good resistance to powder and excellent dynamic performance, etc. In particular, as a candidate material for hydrogen storage tanks for fuel cells, it had a good prospect for development and application. The whole process of hydrogen absorption of vanadium based alloys to fully saturated, the structure of the alloy was changed as follows ： BCC （α） →BCT （β） →FCC （γ）. The materials computation methods were used to calculate the thermodynamic, lattice parameter, electron atomic ratio and so on, which could provide theoretical guidance for the experimental study. The use of one or more elements addition or substitution and heat treatment could significantly improve the hydrogen storage properties of vanadium based solid solution hydrogen storage alloys. However, under the premise of high hydrogen absorption capacity, it was essential to ensure that most of the hydrogen in the alloy could be released under moderate conditions. High pure vanadium was expensive, and it was a key point to reduce the cost of vanadium based hydrogen storage alloys on the basis of not reducing the maximum capacity significantly.

关 键 词：钒基贮氢合金 氢化反应 贮氢容量 晶体结构 

分 类 号：TG139.7[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]