生物炭基固定化菌剂对石油类污染物的高效降解  

Efficient degradation of petroleum pollutant by immobilized bacteria based on biochar material

作　　者：任宏洋[1,2] 马伶俐 王兵[1,2] 袁增[3] 李珍珍 丁梦娇[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学化学化工学院,成都610500 [2]四川省环境保护油气田污染防治与环境安全重点实验室,成都610500 [3]中国石油西南油气田公司重庆气矿,重庆400021

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2017年第11期6177-6183,共7页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：四川省科技支撑计划项目(15ZC1322);中国石油天然气集团公司科学研究与技术开发项目(2016D-5006-08)

摘　　要：以生物炭为载体,采用吸附法制备固定化菌剂,通过分析不同材料生物炭的结构差异,探讨了不同生物炭的结构在固定化中的影响机制。SEM和EDS分析表明,降解菌主要固定在生物炭表面。生物炭内含有C、N和P成分,能为降解菌提供营养物质。生物炭的多孔结构能促进石油污染物的降解。结果表明,经玉米芯和秸秆生物炭固定化后F-3、R-7及其混合菌的除油率显著提高,分别为41.7%和29.5%、52.5%和42.8%、63.8%和53.2%。玉米芯生物炭固定化菌剂的除油率比秸秆生物炭固定化菌剂高10.6%。玉米芯生物炭表面比秸秆生物炭粗糙,其固定的微生物量为4.2×1010cfu·g-1,固定效率达71.2%;秸秆生物炭固定的微生物量为2.5×1010cfu·g-1,固定效率为57.6%。固定化菌剂的最佳制备条件为:选择500℃下热解3 h的玉米芯生物炭为载体,微生物接种量为10%,载体投加量为10 g·L-1,置于35℃、130r·min-1摇床中固定18 h。In this study, we selected biochar as the carrier medium to prepare immobilized bacteria by adsorp- tion. The effect of different biochar structures on immobilization was analyzed. The SEM and EDS analyses showed that most microorganisms were immobilized on the surface of the bioehar. The carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content of biochar can provide nutrients to the degrading bacteria. The porous structure of biochar can promote the degradation of petroleum pollutants. The results indicated that the oil-removal rates of F-3 strain, R-7 strain, and their mixed strain were significantly increased by 41.7% and 29.5%, 52.5% and 42.8% , 63.8% and 53.2% after being immobilized by corncob-biochar and straw-biochar, respectively. Oil- removal rate of the eorncob-biochar-immobilized bacteria was 10.6% higher than that of the straw-biochar-immo- bilized bacteria. The surface of the corncob-biochar was rougher than that of the straw-biochar. The number of im- mobilized microorganisms in corncob-biochar was 4. 2 × 1010 cfu· g-1 and the immobilization rate was 71.2%. The number of immobilized microorganisms in straw-biochar was 2.5× 1010 cfu· g-1 and the immobilization rate was 57.6%. The optimal preparation conditions of immobilized bacteria were as follows： the corncob-biochar was pyro- lyzed at 500℃ for 3 h as the carrier, the microbial inoculation level was 10% , the biochar dosage was 10 g·L-1 , and the immobilization temperature, rotation speed, and time were 35 ℃, 130 r · min-1 and 18 h, respectively. Key words biochar;immobilized bacteria ; oil-removal rate ; structure ; immobilization condition

关 键 词：生物炭 固定化菌剂 除油率 结构 固定化条件 

分 类 号：X74[环境科学与工程—环境工程]