材料素化:概念、原理及应用  

Making Materials Plain: Concept, Principle and Applications

作　　者：杨乐 李秀艳[1] 卢柯[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家(联合)实验室,沈阳110016

出　　处：《金属学报》2017年第11期1413-1417,共5页Acta Metallurgica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目No.2012CB932201;国家自然科学基金项目No.51231006;中国科学院重点部署项目No.KGZD-EW-T06~~

摘　　要：工程合金的性能提升通常利用合金化来实现,但是随着材料合金化程度的不断提高,材料性能提升趋缓,而材料的资源依赖性、成本和回收利用难度不断提高。随着材料的可持续性成为当今材料发展日益重要的指标,新的材料发展途径亟待研发。本工作提出在不改变材料成分的前提下,通过调控材料不同尺度的缺陷来制造出可持续发展的"素材料",实现材料"素化",不(或少)依赖合金化并大幅度提高材料的综合性能。本文将介绍材料素化的概念和基本原理,并展望其工业应用。Alloying is conventionally used for advancing properties of engineering materials. But with increasing degree of alloying, materials become more resource dependent and more costly, and recycling and rouse of materials become more difficult. As nowadays sustainability is becoming a more and more im- portant index for materials development, novel strategies for sustainable materials development is highly desired. In this paper, a sustainable ＂plain＂ approach to advancing materials without changing chemical compositions is proposed, i.e., architecturing imperfections across different length-scales. Novel proper- ties and performance can be achieved in the ＂plain＂ materials with less alloying or even non-alloying. Ba- sic concept, principle, as well as potential applications of the ＂plain materials＂ approach will be introduced.

关 键 词：材料素化 素材料 缺陷 合金化 

分 类 号：TG146[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]