融合景观连通性的城镇规划与生物多样性生态服务效能优化  

Integrating Landscape Connectivity into Town Planning for Biodiversity Ecosystem Service Provision

作　　者：[澳]陈思清[1,2] 汪洁琼 王南(译)[3,7] 

机构地区：[1]澳大利亚墨尔本大学设计学院 [2]澳大利亚tdg地理设计工作室,VIC3010 [3]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院景观学系 [4]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院生态智慧与城乡生态实践研究中心 [5]同济大学高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室,上海200092 [6]澳大利亚墨尔本大学 [7]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200092

出　　处：《风景园林》2017年第1期66-81,共16页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：上海市浦江人才计划(15PJC092);国家自然青年科学基金项目(51508391)~~

摘　　要：随着世界范围内濒危物种灭绝速率的日益增长,生物多样性已成为生态系统服务中最重要的组成部分之一。无论地区、区域还是全球尺度范畴,生物多样性的保护都是保持生态系统活力的关键。景观连通性包含两层含义,既是对景观自然结构的描述,也包含特定物种对该结构的响应,它为景观连通性原理应用于景观规划实践提供了理论基础,尤其是对那些通过生态系统服务的整合来改善环境影响的项目,这种理论基础的作用更为突出。基于美国东南部生态城镇开发项目的案例分析,本文试图探索出能够促进景观连通性并推进生物多样性保护的设计思路。基于地理信息系统(GIS)与空间数据分析(FRAGSTATS),本研究旨在量化美国东南部以林地和林带为特色的景观连通性。在美国东南部,由于房地产业持续扩张、新增住宅不断开发,大量拥有自然景观的区域正经历着城镇化进程。研究结果表明,通过增加栖息地斑块面积以及它们之间的连通性,在基地内已建绿色基础设施中增植新的林带可显著增加景观连通性,从而有效地提供生态系统服务。结论部分,本研究聚焦在如何通过更高的景观连通性来实现新城发展需求与生态系统服务供给两者间的平衡,也因此提出了设计干预需将宜居性与可持续性并重的观点。Biodiversity is one of the most important ecosystem services in the wake of increasing extinction rate of endangered species worldwide. Biodiversity conservation is critical in maintaining the viability of ecosystems at local, regional, and global scales. Landscape connectivity combines a description of the physical structure of the landscape with special species＇ response to that structure, which forms the theoretical background of applying landscape connectivity principles in landscape planning practices, particularly for these environmentally progressive projects that integrate provision for ecosystem services. In this paper, an eco-town development project in the southeastern United States was used as a case study to explore design considerations that promote landscape connectivity and facilitate biodiversity conservation. Based on geographic information system （GIS） and spatial statistical analysis （FRAGSTATS）, this study attempts to quantify the landscape connectivity characterized by woodlands and hedgerows in southeastern United States where substantial areas with natural landscape are being urbanized due to the ever expanding real estate industry and high demand for new residential development. Results suggest that adding new hedgerows to the existing green infrastructure on site can signifcantly increase landscape connectivity thus improve ecosystem services due to the increase of habitat size and increased connectivity among habitat patches. In conclusion, this study shed lights on how to balance the needs of new urban development and eco-services provision by maintaining a higher level of landscape connectivity, thus will inform the design intervention aimed at achieving not only livability but also sustainability.

关 键 词：风景园林 景观连通性 生态系统服务 生物多样性保护 景观规划 

分 类 号：TU984.1[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]