分期播种对海南冬种玉米生长发育和产量的影响  

Effects of sowing by stages on growth and yield of winter maize in Hainan Province

作　　者：白蕤 李宁[2] 钟曼茜 佟金鹤 陈小敏[1] 邹海平[1] 陈汇林[1] 刘少军[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南省气象科学研究所/海南热带农业气象试验站,海南海口570203 [2]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口571101 [3]海南大学园艺园林学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2017年第8期7-13,共7页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201206019);国家自然科学基金(41465005;41265007);海南省气象局青年基金(HNQXQN201602)

摘　　要：为研究不同播期对海南冬种玉米的生长发育和产量的影响,利用2015年在海南省万宁市开展的冬种玉米分期播种试验,结合当年气象数据,探讨温度对其生长发育和产量的影响,以确定冬种玉米最佳播期。结果表明:播期越早,玉米的发育期越短、株高越高、叶片数越多、产量越高;播期延后热量条件差,积温不足,遭受冷害风险大,产量减少甚至绝产。10℃有效积温与产量及其构成要素有较好的相关性,当10℃有效积温为1 230℃·d时,产量最高。分析表明,海南省冬种玉米的适宜播期最迟在11月底之前。研究结果对保障海南冬种玉米稳产、高产有着十分重要的意义。In order to study the effects of sowing date on the growth and yield of winter maize in Hainan,the effects of temperature on the growth and yield and the best sowing date for winter maize were discussed by using the winter maize sowing experiment and combining with the meteorological data in Wanning in 2015.The results showed that the earlier sowing date induced shorter growing period of maize,the higher plant height,the higher number of leaves and the higher yield.The heat conditions would be poor and the accumulated temperature would be insufficient due to the delayed sowing time.Moreover,this would induce the higher risk of cold injury and reduce production or even no yield.There was a good correlation between 10℃ effective accumulated temperature and maize yield and its composition elements.When the 10℃ effective accumulated temperature was 1230℃·d,the yield was the largest.The optimal planting date for winter maize should be before the end of November in Hainan Province.These results in the study would be important to ensure stable and high yield of winter maize in Hainan.

关 键 词：冬种玉米 分期播种试验 温度 产量 

分 类 号：S513.042[农业科学—作物学] S161.22