道路交通事故致颅脑损伤的伤残评定分析  

Analysis and Evaluation of Craniocerebral Injury Levels Caused by Road Traffic Accidents

作　　者：王栋 任贺庄[3] 刘永涛 

机构地区：[1]西安航空学院车辆工程学院,西安710077 [2]长安大学汽车运输安全保障技术交通行业重点实验室,西安710064 [3]榆林市第一医院,陕西榆林719000

出　　处：《重庆理工大学学报（自然科学）》2017年第11期53-57,共5页Journal of Chongqing University of Technology：Natural Science

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(310822171116);西安航空学院校级基金项目(2017KY1217,17JG09)

摘　　要：对交通事故导致的颅脑损伤患者伤残情况进行评定分析,探讨其规律性。选取笔者所在学院2015年11月—2016年11月急诊收治的因道路交通事故导致颅脑损伤患者,对纳入研究患者的流行病学资料、损伤类型、受伤部位、并发症、伤残评定结果进行统计分析。结果显示:事故发生时现场机动车构成比为56.81%,显著高于其他3种交通方式(P<0.001),自行车、步行、摩托车的构成比分别为20.22%、16.64%、6.33%。在事故导致的颅脑损伤类型中,脑挫伤所占构成比为56.82%,显著高于其他损伤类(P<0.001)。颅脑损伤类型按照构成比由高至低依次为颅骨骨折、蛛网膜下腔出血、硬膜下出血、硬膜外出血、脑神经损伤。在伤情结局方面,98例患者中有10例死亡,摩托车患者死亡率最高,机动车最低。事故发生时步行患者伤情主要为轻、中度损伤,自行车患者主要为轻度伤情,中、重度损伤无差异,摩托车患者伤情类型主要集中在重度伤情与死亡,机动车患者伤情主要集中在中、重度损伤。并发症主要为脑脊髓伤和脑震荡,导致智力低下患者构成比为9.86%,伴发精神障碍患者构成比为13.57%。通过分析说明:无论事故发生时采取何种交通方式都有较高的死亡风险,尤以摩托车驾乘人员死亡率最高。交通事故不仅会直接导致死亡,还会引起严重的并发症,影响生命安全与生活质量。在临床急诊工作开展过程中,针对交通事故引起的颅脑损伤患者,应尤其对脑挫伤、颅骨骨折、蛛网膜下腔出血的病情加以重视,后续治疗针对的并发症主要为脑脊髓伤和脑震荡,对于伴发的智力低下和精神异常患者也要做到早发现、早对症治疗。The craniocerebral injury levels of patients caused by traffic accidents were analyzed and evaluated,in order to investigate the regularity. Methods: in our hospital from November 2015 to November 2016 were treated in the emergency department due to road traffic accidents resulting in craniocerebral injury patients,were enrolled in the study of the epidemiological data,injury type,injury,complications,disability the evaluation results were analyzed. Results: the patients with traffic accident,motor vehicle accounted for 56. 81%,significantly higher than the other three modes of transport( P < 0. 001),self Driving,walking,motorcycle,accounted for 20. 22%,16. 64%,6. 33%. caused the accident type of brain injury,brain contusion accounted for the proportion of 56.82%,significantly higher than the other type of injury( P < 0. 001),the second type of brain injury in accordance with the composition ratio from high to low skull fracture,subarachnoid hemorrhage,subdural hemorrhage epidural hemorrhage,brain injury,nerve injury. The outcomes of 98 patients,10 cases died,the mortality of the patients with the highest motorcycle,motor vehicle when the accident occurred. The lowest walk injuries mainly light,moderate injury,bicycle is mainly light The degree of injury,severe injury,no differences were mainly concentrated in the type of motorcycle injury and death in patients with severe injury of motor vehicles,mainly concentrated in the middle and severe injury. The complications of statistics,mainly for spinal cord injury and brain concussion,a ratio of 9. 86% occurred in patients with mental retardation,patients with mental disorders for13. 57%. Comclusion: When the accident happened to what kind of transportation are high,especially in the motorcycle. The highest mortality rate caused by the traffic accident will not only lead to death,but also complicated with severe symptoms,extremely affect the safety and quality of life. To carry out the process of clinical emergency work In patients for craniocerebral injury caused by

关 键 词：临床医学 交通事故 颅脑损伤 伤残 评定分析 

分 类 号：U491.31[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]