基于Haddon模型的成人烧伤危险因素研究  

Risk factors for adult burn patients : a qualitative study based on the Haddon's matrix

作　　者：李琳[1] 潘琼[2] 许乐[2] 林仁琴 戴嘉喜 陈昭宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建医科大学附属协和医院烧伤科,福建福州350001 [2]福建医科大学附属协和医院护理部,福建福州350001 [3]福建医科大学协和临床医学院护理教研室,福建福州350001

出　　处：《中华疾病控制杂志》2017年第11期1149-1151,1160,共4页Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention

基　　金：国家临床重点专科建设项目(国卫办医函[2013]544号);国家临床重点专科建设项目(卫办医正函[2012]649号);福建省卫生计生委青年科研课题(2014-1-44)

摘　　要：目的探讨成人烧伤的危险因素。方法采用质性研究方法,对22名烧伤住院患者进行访谈,在克莱茨现象学研究法基础上应用Haddon模型进行资料分析。结果人为因素:发生前安全意识淡薄;发生时心理冲击强烈导致慌张应对;发生后对创面管理不当。物质因素:发生前物品设备隐患多而防护用具少;发生时灭火用具的忽视与遗忘;发生后基层急救用品匮乏。物理环境:高温季节多发;发生时环境密闭而狭小;发生后远离专科医院。社会环境:发生前安全教育漏洞多;发生时救火秩序乱;发生后转运次数多。结论应用Haddon模型,从人、物、环境、时间4个维度系统分析烧伤的危险因素,为制定切实可行的烧伤预防、应对措施提供科学依据,为国内烧伤流行病学研究提供新思路。Objective To explore the risk factors of adult burn patients. Methods A semi-structured interview was conducted with 22 hospitalized adult burn patients. Data was analyzed using the Colaizzi phenomenological research method and Haddon＇s matrix. Results Human factors： the lack of safety awareness in the pre-event,strong psychological shock leading to panic coping in the event,and improper management of the wound in the post-event. The aspect of appliances： a great deal of unanticipated issues with equipment combined with less protective appliances in the pre-event,neglect and failing to remember to make use of firefighting equipment in the event,and lack of basic first aid supplies in the post-event. The physical environment： more accidents in the high temperature season,closed environment in the event,and sheer distance from the specialized hospitals in the post-event. The social environment： safety education is imperfect in the pre-event,improper fire-fighting of people in the event,many times to transport in the post-event. Conclusions Haddon＇s matrix is used to analyze the risk factors of adult burn patients through four dimensions including human,appliance,environment and time so as to provide the scientific basis for formulating feasible burn prevention and response measures and provided new ideas for the domestic burns epidemiological studies.

关 键 词：烧伤 危险因素 模型 统计学 

分 类 号：R644[医药卫生—外科学] R181.2[医药卫生—临床医学]