基于地形因子改进融雪径流的模拟及验证  

Simulation and validation of enhanced snowmelt runoff model with topographic factor

作　　者：穆艾塔尔.赛地 丁建丽[1,2] 崔春亮 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830046 [2]绿洲生态教育部重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830046 [3]新疆水利水电科学研究院,乌鲁木齐830049

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2017年第19期179-186,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771470;51069017;U1303381);自治区重点实验室专项基金项目(2016D03001);新疆大学绿洲生态重点实验室项目(XJDX0201-2013-04)

摘　　要：该文基于传统的气温指标经验融雪径流模型,提出结合高程、坡向和坡度的流域分带及度日因子改进计算方法,定量描述流域地形特征对气温空间差异与融雪量产生的影响,由此建立基于地形因子改进的融雪径流(snowmelt runoff model,SRM)模型。通过乌鲁木齐河上游山区流域2005-2007年春夏季融雪日径流的模拟和验证,对比分析这传统模型和改进融雪径流模型在数据稀缺流域中的应用效果。结果表明,2种模型模拟2005-2007年春夏季融雪日径流均有较好的模拟效果。比较传统模型,基于地形因子改进的融雪径流模型具有更高的模拟精度,通过流域分带和度日因子数计算的改进,减少了模拟误差,3 a平均的拟合优度R^2值从0.77增加到0.80,均方根误差从5.7减少到5.35 m^3/s,模拟精度有所提高。可见,建立的基于坡向和坡度等地形因子改进的融雪径流模型在数据稀缺干旱流域融雪径流模拟中具有更好的适用性。Snowmelt runoff is an important component of streamflow in the arid and semi-arid watersheds. It is often simulated by a snowmelt runoff model （SRM）, an empirical temperature-index model with 3 main variables, such as air temperature, precipitation and snow cover area （SCA） and some additional deterministic parameters describing the basin characteristics. However, the SRM model only considers the effect of elevation on snowmelt and does not consider the effect of aspect and slope on the mountainous area. In order to introduce this model to the Urumqi River basin located at the northern slopes of Tianshan mountain, Xinjiang where the data acquisition was difficult, in this study, we improved the traditional SRM with topographic factor and validated the reliability of the enhanced snowmelt runoff model in simulating the daily runoff. The topographic factors of aspect and slope were introduced in the traditional SRM model. The degree-day factor in the traditional SRM model was improved by adjusted temperature based on aspect and slope. The adjusted values were obtained from previous studies on relationships between air temperature and aspect. Finally, the enhanced SRM included the aspect, slope and elevation. The Urumqi River basin covers an area of 1 073.64 km2, ranges in elevation from 1 683 to 4 459 m with the average elevation of 3 066 m. Three hydro-meteorological stations were available in this region. The watershed was classified into 5 elevation zones for traditional SRM and further into 14 zones by the aspect and slope for the enhanced SRM. Meteorological and hydrological data were collected daily from 3 hydro-meteorological stations located in the watershed, and the SCA was extracted from satellite images of the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer （MODIS）.The precipitation data from Daxigou station was used to represent the most area of this region based on the relative high correlation between precipitation and runoff. In addition, the data from Yingxiongqiao and Yuejinqiao stations

关 键 词：地形 坡度 径流 坡向 融雪 分带 度日因子数 

分 类 号：P334.92[天文地球—水文科学] TV121.6[水利工程—水文学及水资源]