马铃薯施肥播种起垄全膜覆盖种行覆土一体机设计  

Design of potato casingsoil planter in all-in-one machine combined with fertilizing, sowing, ridging, complete film mulching and planting line covering

作　　者：孙伟 刘小龙 张华 王虎存 田斌 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学机电工程学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2017年第20期14-22,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51765004);甘肃农业大学伏羲人才项目(GAUFX-02J01);甘肃省科技支撑计划(1504NKCA002)

摘　　要：为实现全膜覆盖种行覆土马铃薯机械化种植,针对地膜全域覆盖膜上对行覆土等难题,设计了马铃薯施肥播种起垄全膜覆盖种行覆土一体机。对样机关键部件进行了分析与设计,确定了液压偏置悬挂装置、跨越式膜上覆土装置、排种系统、碎土整形装置结构及工作参数,解析了核心部件作业机理。田间试验表明,马铃薯施肥播种起垄全膜覆盖种行覆土一体机膜下播种深度合格率为86%,种薯间距合格指数为89%,重种指数为5%,漏种指数为4%,种行覆土宽度合格率为92%,种行覆土厚度合格率为94%,邻接行距合格率为86%,地膜采光面机械破损程度为48.1 mm/m2,渗水孔间距合格率为96%。田间性能试验指标均达到国家和行业标准要求,试验结果满足设计要求,能够实现施肥、播种、起垄、全膜覆盖、种行覆土一体化作业。Whole plastic mulching and furrow planting has been widely adopted as a drought resistant cultivation model of potato in the arid areas on the Loess Plateau of Northwest China in recent years. Research has shown that the technique increases the production by more than 20% compared with the open field cultivation. However, due to the lack of matching planting machine, the sectional operation is currently adopted, with film mulching and artificially dropping seeds. The mode is labor-consuming and has poor-quality work, which urgently calls for mechanized combined operation. Since the 1950 s, potato production equipment has begun to develop in the direction of automation in many developed countries in Europe and America, potato planting machine has changed from the elementary semi-mechanization to the senior automation, and meanwhile great achievements have been made in technical level and basic theory research. After 1980 s, potato planter has rapidly progressed in China. More than a dozen scientific research institutes or production units began to develop and produce potato seeder, and with the passage of time, the technology is maturing. Whole plastic mulching and furrow planting requires that adjacent film edge butts and the ridge as well as furrow should be completely covered with plastic film. The existing mulch film planting technology basically takes the way shoveling soil from membrane side. There is a bare strip between the films so as to shovel soil and to operate potato planter. It does not meet the requirement of whole plastic mulching and furrow planting. In order to solve the problems of releasing seedlings and dibbling artificially in potato mulching film cultivation, the growth-promoting mechanism of covering soil on plastic film is applied to potato high-yielding cultivation techniques of whole plastic-film mulching, and a potato planter combined with fertilizing, sowing, ridging, complete film mulching, planting line covering is designed. Aiming at the matching problem of widths that the width of

关 键 词：机械化 设计 农作物 全膜双垄沟 种行覆土 马铃薯种植机 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]