适宜的毛管埋深提高温室番茄品质及产量  

Suitable buried depth of drip irrigation improving yield and quality of tomato in greenhouse

作　　者：王京伟[1,2] 牛文全[1,3] 郭丽丽[4] 梁博惠 李元[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,杨凌712100 [2]山西省水土保持生态环境建设中心,太原030002 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌712100 [4]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2017年第20期90-97,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金："十三五"国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0400202);国家自然科学基金项目(No.51679205)

摘　　要：为探索地下滴灌条件下,毛管埋深对作物"地上部分-地下部分-产量和品质"相互作用的影响,合理配置滴灌措施,提高水分管理能力,该文研究了4种不同毛管埋深0、10、20和30 cm(CK、S10、S20和S30)对番茄植株生长、根系生长、光合产物分配、果实产量、品质和水分利用效率的影响,结果表明:与地面滴灌(CK)相比,毛管埋深为10 cm的番茄根系分叉数显著增加85.16%,但根长、根面积、番茄产量未显著提高,且番茄红素显著降低18.85%(P<0.05);毛管埋深为20 cm,盛果期I番茄叶面积指数显著增加23.37%,根长、根面积、根系分叉数分别显著提高43.22%、20.82%、176.61%,番茄产量提高22.35%,番茄果实品质显著改善,如可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白、维生素C、番茄红素含量和糖酸比分别提高10.86%、32.34%、35.66%、33.97%和53.01%,水分利用效率显著提高35.91%(P<0.05);毛管埋深为30 cm,番茄根长、根系分叉数显著提高46.10%、122.37%,番茄产量显著提高19.53%,水分利用效率显著36.93%,但番茄红素显著降低34.02%。综合考虑番茄品质和产量,地下滴灌毛管埋深20 cm是较为适宜的布设方式。Studies of the impact of subsurface drip irrigation on tomato growth paid more attention to the effects of subsurface drip irrigation and integration of water and fertilizer on root growth, yield and water use efficiency, but the responses of yield and fruit quality to root growth, plant growth and photosynthate allocation were rare. To understand the interaction between 'ground part-underground part-yield and quality' in the process of crop growth, explore the inner mechanism of the subsurface drip irrigation, reasonably allocate drip irrigation measures, and further refine water management measures, this paper performed field experiments to investigate tomato plant growth, root growth, photosynthate allocation, fruit yield and quality, and water use efficiency response to different buried pipe depth in subsurface drip irrigation with conventional ground drip irrigation as reference(CK), and analyzed the effects of plant growth, root growth, and photosynthate allocation on fruit yield and quality. The field experiment was conducted in the sunlight greenhouse of Dazhai Village, Dazhai Township, Yangling District, Shaanxi Province from October, 2014 to May, 2015. The greenhouse was 108 m in length(in the east-west direction) and 8 m in width(in the south-north direction). The soil compositions in experiment were as follows: 25.4% gravel(>0.02-2 mm), 44.1% silt(0.02-0.002 mm), and 30.5% clay(<0.002 mm). The physical properties of the soil were as follows: bulk density, 1.35 g/cm3; field moisture capacity, 28.17%(mass fraction of water in soil); and soil porosity, 49.38%. The test crop was tomato, and the cultivar was 'Haiti', which was cold resistant variety. Test plots were built from west to east in the greenhouse, 2 ridges per plot; and the ridge was 6.0 m in length, 0.6 m in width and 0.2 m in height, divided by a ditch with the width of 0.3 m. The area of each plot was 3.4 m2. Thirty-four plants were planted in 2 rows, with a plant-spacing of 0.35 m in each plot and protection rows at each end of the plot. The

关 键 词：灌溉 水分 土壤 地下滴灌 埋深 番茄 品质 产量 

分 类 号：S607[农业科学—园艺学] S641.2