大葱田不同时期杂草防治技术研究  

Research on Weed Control Technology for Shallot Field at Different Time

作　　者：李秀杰[1] 职倩倩[1] 王守国 苏旺苍[1] 吴仁海[1] 鲁传涛[1] 薛飞[1] 徐洪乐[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所/河南省农作物病虫害防治重点实验室,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省正阳县植物保护植物检疫站,河南驻马店463600

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2017年第11期87-92,共6页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203098)

摘　　要：通过田间试验,研究二甲戊灵等7种除草剂及混剂对大葱田不同时期杂草的防除效果及对大葱的安全性,以期为大葱田筛选高效、安全的禾本科杂草及阔叶杂草除草剂。结果表明,大葱移栽期、杂草苗前进行土壤封闭处理,二甲戊灵单剂对禾本科杂草有较好防效,最高达到100%,但对阔叶杂草防效差;乙草胺单剂和精异丙甲草胺单剂对总草的防效均较低,介于36.39%~40.75%;二甲戊灵与乙氧氟草醚、辛酰溴苯腈混配均可以有效地防除杂草,其中二甲戊灵与乙氧氟草醚低剂量混配效果最佳,对总草的防效为68.28%,大葱的生长促进率为9.59%、增产率为11.81%。大葱生长期、杂草3~5叶期喷雾,精喹禾灵和乙氧氟草醚低剂量混配、精喹禾灵+辛酰溴苯腈+乙氧氟草醚三元复配对禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草防除效果最好,对总草的防效分别为74.74%、76.52%,前期虽对大葱有轻微药害,但不影响后期产量,大葱的生长促进率分别为1.29%、7.92%,大葱的增产率分别为88.96%、70.42%;精喹禾灵单剂、精喹禾灵和辛酰溴苯腈混配防除阔叶杂草效果较差,精喹禾灵和灭草松混配对除马泡瓜外的禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草都有一定的防效,这几种处理对总草的防效均低于40%。杂草苗前,推荐使用330 g/L二甲戊灵EC 2 250 m L/hm2+24%乙氧氟草醚EC 300 m L/hm2混配;杂草3~5叶期,推荐使用10%精喹禾灵EC 675 m L/hm2+24%乙氧氟草醚EC 900 m L/hm2、10%精喹禾灵EC 675 m L/hm2+30%辛酰溴苯腈EC 1 200 m L/hm2+24%乙氧氟草醚EC 750 m L/hm2混配,可以安全、有效地防除大葱田禾本科杂草及阔叶杂草。Through field experiment we studied the control effect of 7 herbicides （pendimethalin and so on） and mixtures on weeds during different periods in shallot field and their safety to shallot, in order to screen efficient and safe herbicides for preventing gramineous weeds and broad-leaved weeds. The experi- ment result showed that pendimethalin had better control effect on gramineous grasses, up to 100% , but had poor activity to broadleaf grasses in the shallot transplanting time before emergence of grasses by soil treatment. The control effects of acetochlor and s-metolachlor on weeds were both lower, in the range of 36.39%--40. 75%. The mixed use of pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen or bromoxynil oetanoate could achieve better control effect on the gramineous weeds and broad-leaved weeds. The control effect of pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen mixture with lower dose was the best on weeds with 68.28 % , the promoting rate for shallot growth was 9.59% ,and the yield-increase rate was 11.81%. When the weeds grew to 3-- 5 leaf stage in the shallot growing season, quizalofop-P-ethyl ＋ oxyfluorfen with lower dose, and quizalo- fop-P-ethyl ＋ bromoxynil octanoate ＋ oxyfluorfen had the best control effect on both gramineous grasses and broadleaf grasses by spray,and the controlling rates on total grasses were 74.74% and 76.52% re- spectively. These treatments could cause a slight phytotoxicity to shallot,but had no had effect on the late production,and the promoting rates for shallot growth were 1.29% and 7.92% ,the yield-increase rates were 88.96% and 70.42% respectively. Quizalofop-P-ethyl and the mixed use of quizalofop-P-ethyl and bromoxynil octanoate had poor control effect on broadleaf grasses. The mixed use of quizalofop-P-ethyl and bentazone had certain control effect on the whole weeds except Cucumis melo L. var. agrestis Naud. The control effect of these treatments on weeds was lower than 40%. Before grass emergence,it is recommen- ded to use the mixture of 330 g/L pendimethalin EC 2 250 mL/ha ＋ 24% oxyflu

关 键 词：大葱 除草剂 杂草 危害级别 防效 生长 

分 类 号：S451.241[农业科学—植物保护]