21世纪以来内蒙古沙尘暴特征及成因  

Characteristics and Cause of the Sandstorm in Inner Mongolia in 2001—2015

作　　者：袁国波[1] 

机构地区：[1]包头市气象局,内蒙古包头014030

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2017年第6期1204-1209,共6页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41365003);内蒙古沙尘暴专家型预报员创新团队项目

摘　　要：利用2001—2015年气象资料,对21世纪以来内蒙古沙尘暴的时空分布特征、系统分型和动力成因进行了分析。结果表明:内蒙古沙尘暴主要发生在春季(以4月为最甚),绝大部分区域性沙尘暴出现在冬半年;进入21世纪以来,沙尘暴呈波动减少趋势。内蒙古沙尘暴高发区沿着北部国境线呈西南—东北方向带状分布,有两个沙尘暴频发中心,分别位于巴丹吉林沙漠和浑善达克沙地。根据沙尘暴的发生区域与地面天气系统之间的动态位置关系,内蒙古沙尘暴可分为冷锋型、蒙古气旋型和其他型等3种类型,其中以冷锋型最为常见。在沙尘暴过程中,发生在深厚混合层中的干对流是起沙扬沙的主要因素,大风是形成大范围区域性沙尘暴的动力条件,高空急流的动量下传是形成大风的重要因素。Based on the meteorological data from2001 to 2015,the tempo-spatial distribution characteristics,system types and dynamic causes of the sandstorm in Inner Mongolia were analyzed.The results showed that sandstorm in Inner Mongolia mainly occurred in spring（most in April）,the most of the regional sandstorm occurred in the winter-half year,and the sandstorm had a decreasing tendency in 2001-2015.The high incidence area of sandstorm in Inner Mongolia showed southwest-northeast zonal distribution along the northern border line,and there were two frequent centers of sandstorm in Badain Jaran Desert and Hunshandake Sandy Land.According to the dynamic relationship between the occurrence area of the sandstorm and the surface synoptic system,sandstorm in Inner Mongolia could be divided into three types：cold-front sandstorm,Mongolia cyclone sandstorm and the others,and the cold-front sandstorm was the most common.During the sandstorm process,the dry convection in Deep Mixed Layer was the major factor of sand blowing,the gale was the dynamic condition of the large regional sandstorm,and the transfer of momentum of the upper jet stream was the main reason of the gale.

关 键 词：沙尘暴 时空分布 系统分型 动力成因 

分 类 号：P445.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]