完善我国质权制度的建议  

Suggestions on the Improvement of China's Pledge Rights System

作　　者：刘保玉 LIU Bao-yu(School of Juris Master of China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法律硕士学院,北京100088

出　　处：《现代法学》2017年第6期48-60,共13页Modern Law Science

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金项目"金融担保创新中的疑难法律问题研究"(14FXB006)

摘　　要：民法物权编的编纂工作已经启动,质权作为担保物权制度的重要一环,其现行规定存在诸多值得修正与补充之处:流质禁止的规则有必要加以修改,赋予利益受损者以一定期限和条件下的撤销权应为最佳选择;立法应明确规定承诺转质与责任转质两种转质形态并设立相应的规则;金融创新催生的动态质押模式,亟需从立法上予以承认并加以规制;对权利质权的客体应持开放态度,权利质权的效力亦应及于入质权利的从权利;应收账款的基础法律关系对应收账款质权的影响,应在立法上作出概括性规定;参照抵押权的相关规定,以登记方式设立权利质权后,出质人仍有处分权,但权利质权不受影响。此外,设立质权的合同名称、质物协议折价损害他人利益时撤销权的行使应与抵押权的相关规定保持一致;质权人返还质物的,应视同放弃质权;票据质押等情形下"背书"的特别成立要件也应在立法上予以明确。The compilation of the Property Chapter of Civil Code has been started,and pledge is an important part of the system of Real Rights for Security. There are many worthy corrections and supplements in the existing provisions： the rules of prohibition of pactum commissorium need to be amended,and the best choice is to give the infringed person the right to revoke with a fixed period of time and under the certain conditions;the legislation should clearly define re-pledge with agreement and re-pledge with responsibility and establish the corresponding rules; the dynamic pledge model of financial innovation is urgently needed to be recognized and regulated by legislation; we should be open to the object of the right of pledge,and the effect of the right pledge should also be in the collateral rights; with reference to the relevant provisions of the mortgage,after the establishment of pledge of right with the Doctrine of Effectism,the pledgee still have the right to dispose,but the right pledge is not affected. In addition,the name of the contract of establish the pledge,and the exercise of the pledge right to revoke when convert-into-money-agreement has damaged the interests of any others should be consistent with the relevant provisions of the mortgage. When the pledgee returns pledged property,it shall be regarded as to give up the pledge. ＂Endorsement＂——the essentials of establishment of bills pledge and other circumstances should also be made clear in the legislation.

关 键 词：民法物权编 流质开禁 转质权 动态质押 权利质权 

分 类 号：DF521[政治法律—民商法学]