涉外临时救济的三重困境及应对分析——兼评我国现行涉外临时救济体系  

Three Dilemmas Underlying Foreign-related Interim Remedies and the Proposed Ways-out

作　　者：张文亮[1] ZHANG Wen-liang(Law School of China Renmin University, Beijing 100872, China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《现代法学》2017年第6期156-168,共13页Modern Law Science

基　　金：2017年度北京市社会科学基金项目"外国判决在中国承认与执行中的若干关键问题研究"(17FXC031);2015年度国家社科基金青年项目"国际民事诉讼中的临时措施研究"(15CFX069)

摘　　要：临时救济的适用已成为当前涉外诉讼中极具实践价值和理论意义的重要现象。然而,作为程序法中的救济机制,临时救济在全球化以及纠纷解决日趋复杂的时代大背景下遇到明显的困境,主要包括其自身架构的理论困境、国际民商事交往带来的实践难题以及司法协助中的合作僵局等。各国应致力于推进临时救济体系的重构与完善,回应临时救济适用的理论困境:临时救济应定位于制衡机制的引入,以实现当事人之间在诉讼以及整个纠纷解决过程中程序法意义上的平衡,即为当事人之间在先的"失衡状态"注入平衡因素。同时,各国在涉外临时救济的适用中应保持开放、合作的姿态并依托国际组织进行有效的协调或统一,以有效应对其中的实践难题与合作僵局。我国有关临时救济的立法尚不完善,司法实践较为混乱,建立在反思涉外临时救济困境基础之上的立法和司法完善成为必要。The application of interim remedies is a phenomenon that is of great practical and theoretical significance in contemporary international litigation. However,as a procedural remedy,this mechanism is facing salient dilemmas in the context of globalization as well as the increasingly complicated disputes resolution,which mainly include the theoretical dilemma in its self-structure,the practical difficulties arising from international communications and the impasse residing in cross-border judicial cooperation. Against this background,on the one hand,individual countries shall re-construct and improve its legal system,in order to well respond to the theoretical dilemma： interim remedies should be targeted at bringing in a balancing mechanism for maintaining a procedural balance between the parties during litigation and the whole disputes resolution,i. e. balancing elements added to the prior imbalanced relationship between the parties. On the other hand,individual countries shall be open and cooperative in the application of interim remedies,and be committed to harmonizing or unifying the relevant rules,in order to cope with the practical difficulties and dilemmas surrounding international judicial cooperation. As for China,there is room for improving the relevant legal system and chaos among Chinese courts when applying the interim remedies. It is thus necessary to improve the corresponding legislation and judicial practice on the basis of reflection on the dilemmas residing in contemporary cross-border interim remedies.

关 键 词：临时救济 冻结令 禁制令 保全 

分 类 号：DF973[政治法律—国际法学]