微地形变化对沙质荒漠拟步甲科昆虫分布的影响  

Effects of Microtopography Variation on the Distribution of Ground Darkling Beetles in a Sandy Desert Ecosystem

作　　者：刘继亮[1,2] 赵文智 李锋瑞[1] 方静[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所临泽内陆河流域研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2017年第6期1388-1394,共7页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2013CB429903);国家自然科学基金项目(41201248;41771290;41471210);中国科学院西部之光博士项目资助

摘　　要：干旱荒漠微地形变化影响小尺度植被和土壤的分布特征,然而,如何影响拟步甲科昆虫分布的认识仍不够。以甘肃省临泽县绿洲边缘流动沙地(丘)为研究对象,采用样方法调查了丘间低地及沙丘不同部位拟步甲科昆虫的种类组成、数量及生境条件。研究发现:(1)丘间低地拟步甲科昆虫群落结构与沙丘不同并存在季节变化,5月丘间低地拟步甲科昆虫数量、多样性指数和鳖甲属昆虫数量显著高于沙丘,而8月仅有拟步甲科昆虫的数量在丘间低地显著高于沙丘;(2)5月沙丘迎风坡和背风坡拟步甲科昆虫的数量均高于坡顶,宽漠王属和东鳖甲属昆虫主要选择在沙丘迎风坡活动,而鳖甲属昆虫主要选择在沙丘背风坡活动;(3)灌木覆盖度是影响拟步甲科昆虫在丘间低地和沙丘间分布的主要环境因子,而土壤含水量是影响拟步甲科昆虫在沙丘不同部位分布的主要环境因子。总之,拟步甲科昆虫对沙丘微地形变化具有明显的选择性,而这种选择与不同拟步甲科昆虫的生理生态特征密切相关。Most of researchers found that the microtopography variation affected strongly the distribution of vegetation and soil in sandy desert ecosystem,but the research on the effect of environmental heterogeneity on spatial distribution of ground darkling beetles in a fine scale is still limited. In this study,we investigated the activity density and taxa richness of darkling beetles by pitfall trapping different microtopography,such as the inter-dune lowland,windward slope,top of slope and leeward slope of the sand dune in a typical shifting sandy land nearby the Linze Oasis in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin,Gansu Province. In addition,the characteristics of vegetation and soil environmental conditions at these positions were also investigated. Key results are as follows. First,the distribution of tenebrionid beetles was affected by microtopography variation and changed with sampling periods. Moreover,the abundance and Shannon diversity index of darkling beetles and Tentyria beetles in May were significantly higher at inter-dune lowland microhabitat than that at the sand dune microhabitat,and only significantly different in the abundance of total darkling beetles in August. Second,the numbers of tenebrionid beetles captured at windward slope and leeward slope of sand dune microhabitat were higher than those at top of slope microhabitat. Furthermore,it was found that Mantichorula and Anatolica beetles preferred the windward slope of sand dune microhabitat in May,but Tentyria beetles preferred the leeward slope. Third,shrub cover was a key factor affecting the distribution of darkling beetles at the inter-dune lowland and sand dune microhabitat,and soil moisture content was a key factor affecting the distribution of darkling beetles at three microhabitats of sand dune. In short,microtopography variation affected significantly the spatial distribution of tenebrionid beetles in the sandy ecosystem,especially in dry season（May）.

关 键 词：沙质荒漠 微地形 丘间低地 沙丘 拟步甲科昆虫 环境因子 黑河流域 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]