不同灌溉方式下设施土壤硝态氮的积累特征及其环境影响  

Soil nitrate accumulation and its environmental effects under various irrigation modes in protected field

作　　者：范庆锋[1] 张玉龙[1] 张玉玲[1] 虞娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,沈阳110866

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2017年第11期2281-2286,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41501306);国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD23B01);辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2014027013);辽宁省教育厅项目(L2015474)~~

摘　　要：以不同灌溉方式下设施土壤及番茄为研究对象,采用田间试验与室内分析相结合的方法,对连年采用沟灌、滴灌和渗灌灌溉方式的设施土壤硝态氮、全盐含量、pH及番茄果实硝酸盐含量、水分生产效率进行了研究。结果表明:三种灌溉方式土壤硝态氮、全盐含量均呈现出明显的表聚现象,0~20 cm土层范围内,滴灌处理硝态氮含量和全盐含量明显低于沟灌和渗灌处理;不同灌溉方式土壤的pH值均随着土层加深而升高,在0~30 cm土层范围,土壤pH值滴灌高于沟灌,沟灌高于渗灌。沟灌和渗灌番茄果实硝酸盐含量显著高于滴灌,沟灌和渗灌番茄果实硝酸盐含量差异不显著;渗灌和滴灌水分生产效率明显高于沟灌。土壤硝态氮含量与土壤pH值呈极显著负相关,与全盐含量呈极显著正相关。总之,设施土壤硝态氮积累与土壤全盐含量、pH值、番茄果实硝酸盐含量关系密切;与沟灌和渗灌相比,滴灌更有利于抑制土壤退化。Field experiments, were conducted to investigate the effects of drip irrigation, subsurface irrigation, and furrow irrigation on the accumulation of nitrate and soluble salts in the soil, on soil pH, and on nitrate content and water production efficiency in fruit in a protected field. Nitrate and total salt mainly accumulated in the surface layer of the soil. There was significantly less nitrate and total salt in the upper- most 0-20 cm of the soil after drip irrigation than after furrow or subsurface irrigation. The soil pH increased with increasing soil depth with all three irrigation methods. The soil pH of the uppermost 0~30 cm of soil followed the order： drip irrigation 〉 furrow irrigation 〉 subsurface irrigation. The nitrate content of the fruit under drip irrigation was significantly lower than that under furrow or subsurface irrigation. There was no significant difference between furrow irrigation and subsurface irrigation in terms of nitrate content. Water production efficiency un- der drip irrigation and subsurface irrigation was significantly higher than that under furrow irrigation. There was a significantly negative cor- relation between soil nitrate content and pH, whereas there was a positive correlation between soil nitrate content and soluble salt content. In conclusion, the accumulation of nitrate in protected fields is closely related to the content of soluble salt, soil pH, and the nitrate content of fruit. Compared with furrow and subsurface irrigation, drip irrigation inhibits soil degradation.

关 键 词：设施土壤 灌溉方式 硝态氮积累 土壤PH 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]