基于光学显微术的单粒子传感  

Single Nanoparticle Sensing Based on Optical Microscopy

作　　者：王咏婕 王伟 

机构地区：[1]南京大学化学化工学院生命分析化学国家重点实验室,南京210023

出　　处：《化学学报》2017年第11期1061-1070,共10页Acta Chimica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委重大科研仪器研制项目(No.21527807)资助~~

摘　　要：基于光学显微术的单粒子传感技术是一种将光学显微镜等具有空间分辨能力的研究工具应用于分析传感领域的检测技术.该技术将单个纳米粒子视作一个完整的纳米传感器,分子识别和信号转换均在单个纳米粒子界面上完成,信号读取则通过不同种类的光学显微镜来实现.与宏观的纳米传感器相比,单粒子传感技术通过对单个纳米粒子的光学特征信号进行测量、计数和追踪,可以获得局域微区内分析物的定性和定量信息,从而具有高灵敏度、高通量和可用于微观复杂体系的动态检测等显著优点.首先简要回顾了单粒子光学传感技术的发展历史和国内外研究现状,随后介绍了其主要技术特点,并重点综述了该领域近五年内的重要研究成果.最后指出通过纳米探针、光学成像技术和多维数据处理等多方面的持续发展,可进一步提高单粒子光学传感器的性能,有望使其在分析科学、生命科学和材料科学等诸多领域获得更加广泛和深入的应用.Single nanoparticle sensing（SNS） is an emerging research field which utilizes single nanoparticles as individual nano-sensors to acquire the qualitative and quantitative information of the analytes in a localized and microscopic sample environment. Both the molecular recognition and signal transduction take place at the surface of a single nanoparticle. Versatile kinds of optical microscopy, such as dark-field microscopy and fluorescence microscopy, are often applied to locating the nano-sensor, and to accessing and analyzing the optical signal it reports. Compared to traditional sensing mechanisms that rely on ensemble nanomaterials, SNS has demonstrated its excellent sensitivity down to single molecule detection by focusing in extremely small volumes in the range of a L^p L. Simultaneous monitoring on many individual nano-sensors in a nano-array further allows for high-throughput and multiplex analysis. More importantly, single nanoparticles can be easily introduced to microscopic and dynamic systems such as living cells to probe specific analytes with high temporal and spatial resolution while maintaining the excellent sensitivity. In this review, we begin with a brief introduction on the history and development of SNS, which is followed by its major features. We subsequently survey the recent progresses in this field in the past five years, focusing on the different sensing principles, single nanoparticle counting and single nanoparticle tracking. We finally provide our perspectives that further developments on nano-probes, optical imaging techniques and data analysis are critical to the growth and applications of SNS in broad fields.

关 键 词：纳米传感 成像分析 单颗粒计数 暗场显微镜 荧光显微镜 

分 类 号：TB383.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TP212[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]