绿色供应链视角下的物质流过程厨余垃圾减量研究  

Research on the Reduction of Kitchen Waste in the Process of Material Flow Based on the Perspective of Green Supply Chain

作　　者：崔铁宁[1] 牟雪娇 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学经济管理学院,北京100124

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2017年第10期196-204,共9页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：北京市社科规划项目:基于绿色供应链生命周期分析的城市垃圾减量化管理模式研究(14JGB037)

摘　　要：餐厨垃圾是城市生活垃圾的重要组分,其末端为主的处理方式造成占用土地、环境污染、资源浪费等环境负荷日益严重,其外部性令政府不堪重负。文章基于绿色供应链生命周期管理的思想,对城市垃圾减量过程管理的研究系统进行重新界定并研究食品垃圾减量管理模式。构建了以食品物质流过程环节及其主体感知和行为的影响因素构成的垃圾减量分析和管理框架模型,提出并定义了行为主体对垃圾减量管理的绿色感知强度指数和减量行为绿色强度指数,以北京市餐厨垃圾现状调研数据为例,实证分析垃圾减量绿色感知强度和主体绿色行为之间的互动关系及规律,以此揭示在食品物质流过程从外部管理、基础设施等手段内化为主体的资源减量认知、态度和行为的内在规律,为垃圾减物质化管理及其模式的形成提供科学依据。研究发现:(1)食品物质流垃圾减量管理系统呈现两端环节的净菜和分类行为减量管理薄弱的特点,其中社区居民垃圾分类问题尤为严重,需探讨完善系统化的过程资源减量化管理模式;(2)深层次的环境认知和环保自觉意识以及垃圾减量化行为约束的外部机制薄弱,因此呈现出较高的垃圾分类认识与较低下绿色自觉行为之间存在显著缺口的现象,深化普及绿色价值观和规范行为是推动垃圾减量管理的重点举措;(3)厨余垃圾减量系统是消费、排放、回收以及管理模式协同联动的有机整体,需促进消费、经营、管理模式协同的绿色转变,并建立资源和垃圾减量化管理的短期、长期激励关联机制,逐步建立城市垃圾减量化管理模式。Food waste is an important part of city garbage,the end treatment mainly caused by occupation of land,environmental pollution,waste of resource and environmental load is becoming increasingly serious,the externality is overwhelmed on the government. Based on the idea of green supply chain life cycle management,this paper redefines and researches on the food waste reduction management mode for the system of urban waste reduction process management. A framework mod-el for the analysis and management of waste reduction is constructed,which is composed of the factors that affect the food material flow process and the subjective perception and behavior. Behavior of the main body of waste reduction and manage-ment of green perception of intensity index and reduction behavior of green strength index was proposed and defined. Taking Beijing as an example,the interactive relationship between law of waste reduction green awareness strength and green be-havior was analyzed,in order to reveal the substance in the food from the external management process flow,infrastructure and other means of internalized cognitive resource reduction,the inherent law of attitude and behavior,and provide scientific basis for the formation of waste reduction and management mode. It was found that there is weak management in both ends of clean vegetables and classification in food material flow management system,especially in the classification of community residents garbage,and management mode of systematic reduction process resources should be improved. Deep environmental awareness and consciousness of environmental protection and external mechanism of waste reduction behavior constraints is weak,therefore presenting a higher garbage classification recognition and relatively low green conscious activity,the popu-larization of green values and norms behavior is the focus to facilitate waste reduction management measures. Kitchen waste system is collaborative linkage of consumption,reducing emissions,collection and management,and mode of consum

关 键 词：城市垃圾管理 厨余垃圾 绿色供应链 减量感知度 减量行为 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]