米霍埃尔斯之死与苏联对犹太人政策之变化  

The Death of Mikhoels and the Change of Soviet Policy Toward the Jews

作　　者：宋永成[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2017年第6期164-174,共11页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目"苏联犹太人研究"(14FM2005)

摘　　要：1948年1月,苏联犹太人反法西斯委员会主席、著名社会活动家米霍埃尔斯离奇死亡。尽管苏联当局声称米霍埃尔斯死于"车祸",但解密档案表明,这是苏联国家安全部秘密策划的一起谋杀事件。从表面上看,米霍埃尔斯之死是因为斯大林私生活泄密事件,实际上,这是苏联当局在支持以色列建国之前为了防止国内犹太复国主义复活而采取的极端措施。它打响了苏联国家反犹主义的第一枪,标志着苏联犹太人"黑暗年代"的开始。In Jan. 1948,Mikhoels,president of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee in the USSR and a world-known Jewish social activist,died accidentally. Though the Soviet Administration declared that Mikhoels died from a traffic accident,the Soviet declassified documents implied that it was a murder secretly planned by the USSR Ministry of State Security of the USSR. Superficially,the death of Mikhoels resulted from leak of Stalin＇s privacy,while actually,it was an extreme action taken by the Soviet Administration to prevent domestic Zionism reviving on the eve of Israel＇s founding. The death of Mikhoels shot the first gun of anti-Semitism in Soviet countries,which began the Soviet Jews＇ ＂Black Years＂in history.

关 键 词：米霍埃尔斯 斯大林 苏联犹太人 苏联国家安全部 反犹主义 苏联犹太人反法西斯委员会 

分 类 号：K512.55[历史地理—历史学]