垃圾填埋场职工血常规异常的队列研究  

A cohort study of abnormal routine blood test results in landfill workers

作　　者：李关 赵立强 周启富[1] 杨雅康[1] 冯德全[1] 刘念 秦莹 

机构地区：[1]雅安市疾病预防控制中心,625000 [2]四川大学华西第四医院 [3]雅安市人民医院

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2017年第9期676-678,共3页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的研究垃圾填埋场职工血液系统异常情况。方法在某垃圾填埋场224例职工中开展队列研究，分别以血常规异常和血小板降低为终止事件，连续跟踪随访6年。分别用寿命表法分析职工两个终止事件的发生率，并比较一线作业职工和二线作业职工的发生率。结果共有71名职工出现血常规异常，其中白细胞异常29例，红细胞14例，血小板40例，血红蛋白17例，血小板降低29例。该垃圾填埋场职工血常规6年异常率为43．2％，血小板6年内降低发生率为13．5％。一线作业职工血常规异常率明显低于二线作业职工 （P=0．020），且一线作业职工和二线作业职工发生血常规异常的相对危险度为0．592，两组血小板降低发生率的差异无统计学意义（P≥0．05）。结论该垃圾填埋场对填埋场工人血液系统有损害作用，且对二线作业职工损害较一线作业职工严重。Objective To investigate the abnormalities of the blood system in landfill workers. Methods A cohort study was conducted for 224 landfill workers who were followed up for 6 consecutive years with abnormal routine blood test results and a low platelet count as the outcome events. The life-table method was used to analyze the incidence rates of these two outcome events, and the incidence rates were compared between first-and second- line workers. Results A total of 71 workers had abnormal routine blood test results, among whom 29 had abnormal leukocyte count, 14 had abnormal erythrocyte count, 40 had abnormal platelet count, 17 had abnormal hemoglobin, and 29 had a reduction in platelet count. For these landfill workers, the 6-year abnormal rate of routine blood test results was 43.2%, and the incidence rate of low platelet count within 6 years was 13.5%. The first-line workers had a significantly lower abnormal rate of routine blood test results than the second-line workers （P=0.020）, and the relative risk of abnormal routine blood test results in the first- and second-line workers was 0.592. There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of low platelet count between the two groups of workers （P〉0.05）. Conclusion The landfill has an adverse effect on the blood system of landfill workers, and the second-line workers have greater impairment than the first-line workers.

关 键 词：垃圾处理 无特异性病原体有机物 红细胞 血小板 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]