浙南近海秋冬季鱼类群落结构研究  

Community Structure Characteristics of Fishes in the Coastal Area of South Zhejiang during Autumn and Winter

作　　者：陈伟峰 彭欣[2] 汪振华[3] 谢起浪[1,2] 陈少波[1,2] 叶深[2] 陈骁 艾为明[1] 

机构地区：[1]温州医科大学生命科学学院,温州325035 [2]浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所,温州325005 [3]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [4]华南农业大学海洋学院,广州510642

出　　处：《海洋开发与管理》2017年第11期111-119,共9页Ocean Development and Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41666008)

摘　　要：文章根据2015年11月(秋季)、2016年2月(冬季)对浙南近海进行的渔业资源调查数据,用标准化后的渔获率作为鱼类资源分布的数量指标,对该海域鱼类的组成、数量分布以及季节变化进行分析。结果显示:该区域共鉴定出鱼类115种,隶属于2纲13目51科91属,以鲈形目(Perciformes)鱼类最多,其次为鲽形目(Pleuronectiformes),鲱形目(Anguilliformes)位居第三位。根据适温性可将其划分为暖水种、暖温种和冷温种3种适温类型,以暖水种鱼类为主,有78种,占鱼类总数的62.9%。按季节来看,秋季共鉴定鱼类97种,各站位平均生物量为411.65kg/km2,丰度为1.26×105 ind/km2,优势种为龙头鱼(Harpodon nehereus)、带鱼(Trichiurus japonicus)和棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)等3种,占总渔获量的64.82%;冬季鉴定出鱼类68种,平均生物量为27.89kg/km2低于秋季,丰度为3.07×105 ind/km2高于秋季,除了龙头鱼和棘头梅童鱼仍为优势种外,黄(Lophius litulon)的优势度明显上升,3种鱼占总渔获量的78.14%。从丰度生物量曲线分析来看,秋季、冬季ABC曲线W值均为负值,秋季W值为-0.066,鱼类群落受到中等强度干扰,冬季W值为-0.13,且生物量优势曲线几乎全部在数量优势度曲线之下,鱼类群落可能受到了严重干扰。According to the investigation results of fishery resources in the coastal areas of south Zhejiang during November of 2015（Autumn）and February of 2016（Winter）,the composition,quantity,and variation of fish species were analyzed and reported by using standardized catch rate as the quantity index of fish resources distribution.The results showed that a total of 115 species of fish were identified in this area,which belonged to 91 genera,51 families,13 orders and 2 classes.Among these species,most quantity belonged to Perciformes,followed by Pleuronectiformes,third Clupeiformes.In the aspect of thermal adaptation,fishes in this area can be divided into warm-water species and warm-temperate species,between which the warm-water species were dominant with 78 species,accounting for 62.9% of total catch.In autumn,the average biomass of each station was 411.65 kg/km2 and the abundance was 1.26×105 ind/km2.And there were 97 species of fish identified in this season,among which the dominant species were Harpodon nehereus,Trichiurus japonicus and Collichthys lucidus etc that composed 64.82% of total catch.Compared with autumn,the average biomass of each station in winter was lower（27.89 kg/km2）,while the abundance was higher（3.07×105 ind/km2）.In addition,a total of 68 species of fish were caught in winter,when Harpodon nehereus and Collichthys lucidus were still dominant species,the dominance of Lophius litulon increased obviously.The result of abundance biomass curve showed that W of curve was negative in both two seasons.The W value was-0.066 in autumn,implied that the fish community suffered from moderate interference.Whereas,the W value is-0.13 in winter,and the biomass dominance curve was almost totally beyond the quantitative dominance curve,which suggested that the fish community may have a serious disturbance.

关 键 词：浙南 近海 鱼类 种类组成 数量分布 群落结构 

分 类 号：P735[天文地球—海洋生物学]