青海乱海子高寒湿地植物群落结构对土壤水分变化的响应  

Response of Plant Community Structure to Soil Water Content in Luanhaizi Alpine Wetlands,Qinghai Province

作　　者：吕艳花 赵明德[1] 周华坤[2] 毛旭峰 陈哲 刘攀[1] 杨冲[1] 豆艳[1] 王文颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学生命与地理科学学院青海省高寒湿地省级重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [2]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所青海省寒区恢复生态学重点实验室,青海西宁810008

出　　处：《湿地科学》2017年第5期697-704,共8页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501906-1和2016YFC0501901-05);国家自然科学基金项目(31260127和41761107);青海省自然科学基金项目(2016-ZJ-913);青海省创新平台建设专项项目(2017-ZJ-Y20)资助

摘　　要：以青海省乱海子高寒湿地为研究区,沿湿地土壤水分梯度,设置了7处采样地,采集了0~20 cm深度的土壤样品和植物样品,研究了2014年8月中旬的植物群落结构特征空间分布特征,尤其注重高寒湿地中特有的冻胀丘形成对植物群落结构和生物量的影响。研究结果表明,(1)沼泽化草甸0~20 cm深度土壤含水量为122.7%~280.7%,1号~6号采样地土壤含水量都显著高于距乱海子湖泊最远的7号采样地,冻胀丘0~20 cm深度的土壤含水量为160.4%~203.4%,2号~6号采样地冻胀丘0~20 cm深度土壤含水量无明显差异,冻胀丘上土壤含水量显著低于其周边的沼泽化草甸;(2)在乱海子湿地中,共记录了40种维管束植物,其中,有莎草科植物7种,禾本科植物7种,其它双子叶植物26种,以莎草科植物占绝对优势,尤其在沼泽化草甸中,除了7号采样地,莎草科植物的重要值都大于97%;(3)冻胀丘上的物种丰富度、Pielou均匀度和Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数都高于其周围的沼泽化草甸,尤其是物种丰富度,冻胀丘上的平均物种丰富度为11.8种,而其周围的沼泽化草甸的平均物种丰富度仅为6.57种,随着土壤水分含量减少,冻胀丘植物群落的Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数变化很小,沼泽化草甸的则波动变化;(4)随着土壤水分含量的减少,冻胀丘和沼泽化草甸植物群落的地上部分生物量增大,冻胀丘植物群落根系生物量波动增加,而沼泽化草甸的则波动减小。Along the water content of the soil, 7 sampling sites were set in Luanhaizi alpine wetlands in Qinghai province, the structure of plant communities was researched, and the effect of frost mounds on the structure of plant communities was focused in the study. The results showed that the soil water contents of 0-20 cm depth in the marshy meadows around the frost mounds were 122.7%-280.7%, and those of No.1 to No.6 sampling sites were significant higher than that in No.7 sampling site. The soil water contents of 0-20 cm depth in the frost mounds were 160.4%-203.4%, and they were no significant difference among sample sites. The soil water contents of 0-20 cm depth in the frost mounds were significantly lower than those in the marshy meadows. There were 40 plant species were recorded in the study area, among these plants, 7 species belonged to Cyperaceae, 7 species to Gramineae, and the remaining 26 species to dicotyledons. The important values of the species from Cyperaceae in the marshy meadows were more than 97% in No.1 to No.6 sampling sites especially. Species richness, Pielou evenness index and Shannon-Wiener species diversity index in the frost mounds were much higher than those of the marshy meadows. In particular, the species richness was 11.8 species in the frost mounds, and there was 6.57 species in the marshy meadows. With decrease of the soil water content, the aboveground biomass of plant communities was increased both in the frost mounds and marshy meadows; the root biomass of plant communities increased in the frost mounds, but that decreased in the marshy meadows

关 键 词：高寒湿地 土壤水分梯度 冻胀丘 沼泽化草甸 植物群落结构 物种多样性 乱海子 

分 类 号：Q948.3[生物学—植物学]