《摩诃婆罗多》《罗摩衍那》与荷马史诗中的诅咒间性问题  

A Study of Mahabharata,Ramayanaand Inter-cursitivityin Homer's Epic

作　　者：苏永旭 

机构地区：[1]河南财政金融学院文艺学美学研究所,河南郑州450018

出　　处：《河南大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第6期102-114,共13页Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金年度一般项目"比较文学视野中的<摩诃婆罗多><罗摩衍那>与荷马史诗研究"(13BWW059)阶段性成果

摘　　要：诅咒既是一种人文现象,又是一种艺术手法。诅咒作为一种人文现象和反制利器在印度两大史诗和荷马史诗中具有很强的主体间性,即我们通常意义上所说的学术关联性。就其互文性或家族相似性而言,其主旨在于充分伸张社会正义和审美正义;就其互异性或差异性而言,荷马史诗中的诅咒是一种显性进程,印度两大史诗中的诅咒则是一种隐性进程。诅咒作为一种艺术手法在印度两大史诗和荷马史诗中也具有很强的主体间性,或学术关联性。就其互文性或家族相似性而言,具有现实主义和现代主义的双重意味;就其互异性或差异性而言,荷马史诗中的诅咒手法侧重于谋篇布局,印度两大史诗中的诅咒手法侧重于推动情节发展、增强情节的生动性和丰富性。诅咒主要是一种巫术残余,是新的历史条件下巫术的一种质的升华,是一种整个都被充分神化了的、极端主观化了的、刹那间就能"把主观等同于客观"的极端人文现象,夸张的意味很浓,以至于最后成了迎合公众审美趣味的艺术手法。其文化根源主要在于公众长期以来恒定的审美心理和道德需求的根深蒂固,其社会根源主要在于公众自古以来对巫术传统的潜意识认同和普遍接受的朴素心态。Curse is not only a humanistic phenomenon but also an artistic method. As one kind of humanistic phenomenon and countering weapon, it has a strong inter-subjectivity in India＇s two Epics and Homer＇s epic which we nowadays call academic association. As far as its family resemblance and intertextuality, it mainly aims to fully seek justice and aesthetic iustiee; As far as its differences are concerned, curse is an explicit process in Homer＇ s epic but an implicit process in India＇ s two epics. Secondly, curse, as an artistic method, has a systematic observation of academic relevance in the inter-subjectivity of India＇ s two Epics and Homer＇ s epic. In the former, curse has the double meaning of realism and modernism as well as strong extreme romanticism, that is, modernism, and full of extreme subiectivity, idealism along with extreme spirit. As for the latter, the curse method in Homer＇s epic stresses overall planning, whereas the curse method in India＇s two epics emphasizes progressing the development of the plot and strengthen the vividness and richness of the plot. There are systematically social and cultural roots of the curse phenomenon which is mainly one kind of the remains of witchcraft as well as the enhancement and development to witchcraft in the new historical condition. It is also an extreme humanistic phenomenon, which is fully divined, spirited and extreme subjective, and it can equate subjectivity with objectivity in an instant way, having a strong sense of exaggeration, so as to become the artistic method to meet the aesthetic interests of social mass. Its cultural reason resides in the stable aesthetic and moral needs of the masses and its social reason lies in the common acceptance and awareness of the common people towards the witchcraft tradition since the ancient times.

关 键 词：《摩诃婆罗多》 《罗摩衍那》 荷马史诗 诅咒间性 

分 类 号：I106.2[文学—世界文学]