2015年梧州市郊农村环境卫生现状调查分析  

A status quo investigation of rural environmental hygiene in the outskirts of Wuzhou in 2015

作　　者：梁燕[1] 王芳[1] 黄利安 吴柏岐 

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区梧州市疾病预防控制中心,广西梧州543002

出　　处：《中国农村卫生事业管理》2017年第11期1359-1361,共3页Chinese Rural Health Service Administration

基　　金：卫生部疾病控制局(全国爱卫办)资助项目

摘　　要：目的:通过开展农村环境卫生监测,了解梧州市郊农村环境卫生综合整治工作成果,为政府制定政策措施提供科学依据。方法:遵循简单随机抽样的方法,抽取梧州市郊2个乡镇的20个行政村、100户农户作为调查对象。通过问卷调查、访谈和现场观察等方法收集调查数据。结果:以集中式供水为主的行政村占85.0%,家庭饮水为集中式供水的占71.0%;20个行政村的垃圾均通过垃圾转运系统集中填埋处理,99.0%的家庭生活垃圾为定点堆放;生活污水未经处理直接排放,经明沟排放的农户占46.0%,随意排放的农户占28.0%,排放地点主要为河流、坑塘、农田,占87.0%;20个行政村卫生厕使用率为90.96%,调查的农户中卫生厕所使用率达94.0%;25.0%的行政村开展过灭"四害"工作,94.0%的农户房屋周围有病媒生物孳生地,74.0%的家庭厨房内发现有苍蝇。结论:梧州市郊农村生活污水缺乏无害化处理;病媒生物控制效果不佳;家庭集中式供水的普及率和卫生厕所使用率有待再提高。仍需采取有效措施进一步改善梧州市郊农村环境卫生状况。Objective To know about the comprehensive improvement work of rural environment in Wuzhou city by conducting rural environmental hygiene monitoring,and to provide a scientific basis for the government to formulate policies.Methods Twenty administrative villages with 100 households of farmers were chosen from 2 townships in Wuzhou by simple random sampling method.Research data were collected through questionnaires,interviews and field observation.Results Administrative villages with predominantly centralized water supply accounted for 85.0%,and villages with centralized supply of drinking water in households accounted for 71.0%.The garbage of all 20 administrative villages was treated through centralized landfill via garbage transit system,and 99.0% of the domestic waste was discarded at fixed places.Untreated sewage was discharged directly,46.0% of which was ditch discharge and 28.0% was arbitrary discharge.The discharge sites were mainly rivers,pools,and farmlands,which accounted for 87.0%.In 20 administrative villages the utilization rate of sanitary toilets was 90.96%,and the utilization rate of sanitary toilets among the surveyed households was 94.0%.25.0% of the administrative villages had ever carried out the campaign of wiping out four pests including flies,mosquitoes,mice and cockroaches.There were breeding sites of vectors around 94.0% of farmers＇ houses and flies were found in 74.0% of kitchens.Conclusions There is no bio-safety disposal of domestic sewage in the outskirts of Wuzhou.The control of vectors is not good.The popularity rate of household centralized water supply and the utilization rate of sanitary toilets are to be further increased.More effective measures should be taken to improve the hygienic status of rural environment in Wuzhou city.

关 键 词：农村 环境卫生 垃圾处理 污水处理 

分 类 号：R127[医药卫生—环境卫生学]