法德货币政策分歧与欧洲经济一体化初期尝试(1969—1970)  被引量:1

Divergences in French-German monetary policies and the initial attempt of the European community on economic integration(1969-1970)

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作  者:王雯菲 

机构地区:[1]华东师范大学历史系

出  处:《冷战国际史研究》2017年第1期127-141,共15页Cold War International History Studies

摘  要:20世纪60年代,西欧社会进步。经济得到长足发展,欧共体六国对扩大经济金融合作的要求增加。1969年12月海牙会议召开,各方明确了完成、深化及扩大欧洲一体化趋势的意愿,并决定会后组建以卢森堡首相兼财政部长维尔纳为领导的小组,规划经济与货币联盟建设路径。但是经济与货币联盟建设之路并不平坦,以法国为代表的“货币派”坚持货币联盟为先,缩小各国间汇率波动幅度。以德国为代表的“经济派”主张在协调各国经济政策基础上整合货币政策。法德分歧源于双方经济利益的不同,在对待浮动汇率及黄金问题上的意见不一致.且对美国主张的反应差异明显。,这些因素导致欧共体国家的货币政策难以达成统一。1971年,美国总统尼克松宣布终止美元与黄金的自由兑换.“维尔纳计划”也随之搁浅。In the 1960s,Western Europe achieved great developments in the social and economic domains. Members of the European Economic Community thus wanted to have an enlarged cooperation in the economic and monetary fields. In December 1969,during The Hague Summit,the six participants made clear their willingness to cooperate with one other under the auspices of the "completion,enlargement,deepening " triptych. After the meeting, the Werner group was founded in order to plan for the establishment of an economic and monetary union( hereinafter EMU). However,it was hard to unify each member’s economic and monetary policies. During the process of drafting the Werner Plan, the"monetarists",led by the French,insisted on the importance of establishing the monetary union first and reducing the exchange rate margins. In contrast, the"economists",pioneered by the Germans,proposed to unify the economic policy,and based on that principal,to built the monetary union. Their differences were engendered from several causes: divergent economic interests; different attitudes towards the floating system; the problem of gold; different responses to U. S.proposition. All of these factors contributed to an unsolvable situation among the Six at the beginning of setting up the EMU. As soon as U. S. New Economic Policy was announced by President Nixon on August 15, 1971, the Werner Plan was influenced and stranded as well.

关 键 词:欧洲经济与货币联盟 “维尔纳计划” 法国 联邦德国 

分 类 号:F825[经济管理—财政学]

 

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