环境污染感知与精神健康不平等——基于压力过程模型的视角  被引量:8

Perceived Stress of Environment Pollution and Mental Health Inequality:A Stress Process Model Approach

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作  者:梁樱[1] 

机构地区:[1]武汉大学社会学系

出  处:《社会发展研究》2017年第4期43-65,共23页Journal of Social Development

基  金:武汉大学自主科研项目(人文社会科学)阶段性研究成果;"中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金"资助(项目号:2014410500013)

摘  要:环境污染对精神健康的影响以及对于整体精神健康不平等模式的作用目前仍缺乏社会学视角的研究证据。本文以压力过程模型为基本理论框架,运用2013年中国社会状况综合调查数据(CSS 2013),检验社会经济地位指标通过对居住地四种环境污染的感知对我国居民精神健康发生作用的双机制模型。结果显示,高社会经济地位群体对四种污染的感知程度均更高,而高污染感知会显著降低精神健康水平,因此,污染感知的压力暴露(中介)路径并非精神健康不平等的作用机制;但是,随着收入升高,卫生环境污染感知与精神健康的负相关关系减弱,因此,针对此类环境压力而言,压力暴露机制与脆弱性(调节)机制同时存在,后者对低收入者的精神健康不利,是导致精神健康不平等的原因之一。本研究厘清了污染感知压力与传统社会性压力在运作机制上的异同,同时也对于改善低收入者的居住卫生环境具有政策启示性。Research on mental health impacts of environmental pollution is still rarely seen,especially from sociological perspective. Based on the Stress Process Model,this article utilized a nationally representative data from Chinese Social Survey 2013( CSS 2013) to investigate whether perceived pollution of living environment( including noise,water,air and sanitary pollution) impacts mental health of Chinese people, and how those perceptions work as stressors through exposure and/or vulnerability mechanisms to explain mental health disparities of income and education. The findings suggest that all these four sources of environmental pollution are negatively associated with the mental health of Chinese citizens. Meanwhile,because higher SES groups perceive higher level of pollution than lower SES people,exposure mechanism does not contribute to the mental health inequality. However,the significant interaction effects of income and the perceived sanitary pollution suggest that low-income people are more vulnerable to bad sanitary conditions and thus vulnerability mechanism is a potential contributor of the general pattern of mental health inequality. These findings imply that the related interventions for improving sanitary conditions in the living areas of the poor people will help to improve their mental health and reduce the mental health disparities caused by income.

关 键 词:环境污染感知 精神健康不平等 压力过程模型 压力暴露机制 脆弱性机制 

分 类 号:C912.6[经济管理]

 

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