农村女性本地就业与家庭照料的新变化及其含义——基于山东省三地企业的田野调查研究  

New Changes and Implications of Localization of Employment among Rural Women Workers and Domestic Care:Based on A Field Research in Three Factories in Shandong

作　　者：王永洁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所

出　　处：《社会发展研究》2017年第4期164-180,共17页Journal of Social Development

摘　　要：当前关于中国农村女性就业的讨论主要基于对外出务工的女性农民工的研究,对本地化用工和女性就近就业的研究相对较少。基于我们在山东省3地企业的田野调查,本研究探讨本地化用工形势下,农村女性就业在微观个人层面和家庭层面的意义。研究发现,农村女性就业的目的和意义有了新的内涵和变化,这主要表现在女性的迁移和就业决定中,更为兼顾照料和家庭生活需求。处于不同人生阶段和生命周期的女性对就业的意义有不同的理解,婚姻和生育状况影响女性的就业目的,其中,已婚女性更为关注家庭生活需求。整体而言,农村女性就业既具有一定的工具理性,也具有一定的价值理性,但就业女性仍然禁锢在传统的性别观念、家庭性别分工和父权意识的藩篱中。这些因素不仅影响女性的就业目的,还影响女性对自身未来和发展的规划。最后,由于当前中国的社会和经济发展形势对劳动者的人力资本有了更高和更为多元化的要求,本文提出应当对农村女性的发展有更为长远的考虑,应当更加重视提升农村地区女性的受教育水平和人力资本投资。Current researches on Chinese rural women's employment are mainly focused on out-migration female workers,whereas there has been very little attention to the trend of the localization of employment of the female rural workers. Based on the fieldwork in three factories in Shandong Province,this research intends to explore the meaning and implications of the rural women's local employment.This study finds that rural women tend to emphasize more on the demand of family life and care,while making decisions of migration and employment; and women's understandings of the meaning of employment varies at different age, life periods, marital status and childbirth status. Meanwhile,although women's employment has both rational and symbolic meaning,the employed women are still confined within the fence constructed by gender division of labor and patriarchy,which not only alter women's purpose of employment,but also impact women's future development. Finally,this study suggests that we should draw more attention to women's future development through improving the level of women's educational attainment and enhancing investment in their human capital.

关 键 词：就业本地化 家庭照料 家庭生活需求 性别分工 父权意识 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理]