在游戏表演与身体活动之间:古代罗马的体育与法  

Between Spectacle and Physical Activity:Sport and Law in Ancient Rome

作　　者：约勒.法略莉 赵毅[3,4] 

机构地区：[1]瑞士伯尔尼大学罗马法系 [2]意大利米兰大学罗马法系 [3]苏州大学王健法学院,苏州215006 [4]江苏高校区域法治发展协同创新中心,南京210018

出　　处：《体育与科学》2017年第6期9-15,共7页Sports & Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目;项目号:16ZDA225;中国博士后科学基金第61批面上资助;项目号:2017M610345;2016年度"江苏省博士后科研资助计划";项目号:1601184B

摘　　要："体育"这个词素有争议。今天我们把体育看成所有形式的竞争性的身体活动或是比赛,这也许是我们文化全球化不可避免的一个产物。"Sport"来自中世纪拉丁语"disportare",在古罗马时代,并不存在这个单词。但是,罗马人使用这样一些词:"运动员","竞赛",特别是"比赛、游戏"。在原始文献中,我们可以挑拣出两类与现代体育法相连的主题:在体育活动中出现的伤害主题和体现体育与政府关系的体育组织主题。在所有传递给我们的有关体育活动中出现伤害的案例中,运动员从未被归责。这可能是个镜子,反映了那个时代运动员的地位。审视古罗马时代体育运动有两条不同线索:身体教育和表演。体育锻炼对于身体而言至关重要,尽管对于大多数人来说,他们只对观看表演感兴趣。很明显,在其他文化中,我们看不到类似的情况。在那个时代,通过举办体育活动,体育与权力的社会、政治关系已经开始扮演着重要角色。There is a problem with the word sport.Today we mean with sport all forms of competitive physical activity or games.The term is an unavoidable term of our global culture.The word‘sport＇comes from the medieval Latin‘disportare＇.This term did not exist at the time of ancient Rome.But Romans used the terms athletes（athletes）,competitions（certamina）and above all games（ludi）.It is possible to distinguish in the sources two topics that we can connect to the modern sport law：the damage during a sport activity and the relationship between sport and government,in general the sport＇s organization.In all cases that have been handed down to us about damage during a sporting event the player was never liable.It could also be a mirror of the consideration on the athletes at that time.We have clues to think sport at the Roman time has been seen in two different perspectives：the physical education and the performance.Sport exercise was important for the body,although most people were interested only in the spectacles.It is evident that no cultures are the same.Above all the relationship with power,social and political relations had already at that time an important role in the context of such events.

关 键 词：游戏表演 身体活动 身体教育 竞技 比赛 古罗马 罗马法 体育与法 体育法 学说汇纂 阿奎流斯法 尤维纳利斯 德尔图良 

分 类 号：G811.21[文化科学—体育学]