我国典型燃煤源和工业过程源排放PM2.5成分谱特征  

Characteristics of PM_(2.5) Chemical Source Profiles of Coal Combustion and Industrial Process in China

作　　者：刘亚勇 张文杰[1] 白志鹏[1] 杨文[1] 赵雪艳[1] 韩斌[1] 王歆华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2017年第12期1859-1868,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：科技部科技基础性工作专项(2013FY112700);国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAC23B02)

摘　　要：鉴于我国本地化源谱(源成分谱)数量不足的现状,采用稀释通道系统对燃煤源和工业过程源进行采样,建立了4类燃煤锅炉(链条炉、流化床、往复炉和煤粉炉)和6类工业过程源(炼铁、铝焙烧、铝煅烧、砖瓦炉、水泥窑头和窑尾)的PM_(2.5)成分谱,并对源谱特征进行研究.结果表明:(1)不同源谱组分特征差异明显.水泥窑炉排放的PM_(2.5)中,w(Ca)、w(Si)、w(OC)、w(SO_4(2-))较高,分别为8.51%~14.18%、5.69%~11.80%、3.47%~15.56%、8.67%~16.85%;燃煤锅炉中Al(4.50%~8.67%,质量分数,余同)、OC(6.44%~15.33%)、SO42-(9.85%~22.87%)组分贡献较大;炼铁和铝冶炼工艺源谱中主导化学组分分别为Fe(8.57%~9.88%)和Al(11.81%~16.58%);砖瓦炉颗粒物源谱中主要组分为SO42-、NH4+、Si等.(2)不同污染源PM2.5成分谱的分歧系数结果显示,流化床和煤粉炉、水泥窑头和窑尾源谱较为相似,其分歧系数分别为0.26和0.28,其余源谱间均存在一定差异.进一步计算组分差异权重(R/U)发现,往复炉源谱中组分Zn、Sn与其他3类锅炉有明显不同.流化床/煤粉炉源谱中的Si、Ni,窑头/窑尾源谱中的K、Mn、OC组分差异显著,可以作为区分相似源谱的标识组分.与其他研究建立的源谱相比,燃煤源谱中w(EC)和w(SO_4(2-))偏高.钢铁源谱中w(EC)和w(NH4+)较其他地区偏高,w(Pb)偏低;工业过程源谱中,w(Cl-)较SPECIATE相关源谱偏低,而w(Ⅴ)和w(Cr)偏高.鉴于颗粒物源谱受到不同燃料种类、燃烧方式和烟气控制设施等影响而存在差异,源谱的准确性和代表性还需进一步测试和验证.In view of insuf ficient local source profiles in China, PM 2 5 source profiles fo r coa l- fired boilers and in d u s tria l processes＇ emissions were established. Four coal burning sources from coal-fired boilers of grate firing,fluidized bed,converters and pulverized coal, and 6 industrial process emissions from metal lurgy,steel production and construction materials production were discussed. Results showed that： （1） The chemical composition shows special characteristics in different source categories. Ca （ 8. 51%-1 4. 1 8 % ）,Si （ 5 .6 9 % - 11. 80%）,OC （3. 47%-15. 56%） and SO42 _（ 9 . 85%-22. 8 7%） were shown to be the major species of PM 2 5 from cement k i l n ; A l, SO42_ and OC marked coal-fired boiler,accounted for 4. 50%-8. 67% , 6. 4 4%-15. 33% and 9. 8 5% -22. 8 7% , re spectively;Fe （ 8. 5 7% -9. 88% ）and Al （11.81%-16. 58%） were the most abundant elements in steel production and aluminum metallurgy. The highest abundances ofSO42 , NH 4＋,Si were observed in brick ki ln emissions. （2） The coefficient of divergence （CD） and the distr ibution of weighted differences （ R/U ratio） were used to compare the similarities and differences of source profiles. Good similarities were observed between f lu id ize d bed and pulverized coal bo i le r emissions,and betweencement k i ln head and in le t emissions. Si and N i were expected to distinguish profiles between f lu id ize d bed and pulverized coal b o ile r with the R /U 〉 3. K,Mn and OC abundances were significant different between profiles of cement k i ln head and in le t. Differences of source profiles from different studies in c lu d in g SPECIATE database were compared. EC and SO42 from coal buming,EC and NH4＋ from steel production were higher than those of studies in other regions. Compared with source profiles in SPECIATE v4. 5,Cl abundances in metallurgy,cement and brick kiln were lower,while V and Cr were higher in this research. The discr

关 键 词：PM2.5成分谱 燃煤源 工业过程源 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]